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Cryopreservation to Conserve Genetic Diversity of Reef-Building Corals

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Coral Reef Conservation and Restoration in the Omics Age

Part of the book series: Coral Reefs of the World ((CORW,volume 15))

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Abstract

Long-term survival of coral reefs around the world is threatened by local and global stressors. However, modern reproductive technologies may offer solutions to save coral genetic and biological diversity. Cryopreservation can store genetic material safely for years and potentially even centuries, thus providing present and future restoration options. Sperm from over 40 coral species have been banked and used in selective breeding experiments. Coral larvae and algal symbionts have been cryopreserved by vitrification and recovered using ultra-rapid laser warming technologies. At industrial scale, and coupled with effective restoration and management, these technologies may help to diversify shrinking populations, prevent species extinctions, and allow the creation of live genome resource banks to support reef recovery efforts. As the climate changes, coral bleaching events are becoming more common, threatening coral populations and diminishing their ability to recover naturally through reproduction. The development of new cryopreservation technologies for non-reproductive tissues is therefore essential. Advanced technologies to cryopreserve small coral fragments are in progress and could potentially secure the entire coral holobiont, including coral cells, algal symbionts, and the microbiome. These new technologies may allow us to preserve material throughout the year, paving the way for new solutions to help corals to survive warming oceans.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the William H. Donner Family Foundation, the Paul M. Angell Family Foundation, the Volgenau Foundation, the Barrett Family Foundation, the Skippy Frank Foundation, the Compton Foundation, the Cedar Hill Foundation, the Anela Kolohe Foundation, the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, the Smithsonian Women’s Committee, and the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. We are grateful for the support of Claire Lager, Riley Perry, Chris Page, Mariko Quinn, Mike Henley, and Katherine Hardy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA

    Jessica Bouwmeester, Jonathan Daly, Nikolas Zuchowicz & Mary Hagedorn

  2. Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, HI, USA

    Jessica Bouwmeester & Mary Hagedorn

  3. Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, NSW, Australia

    Jonathan Daly

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  1. Jessica Bouwmeester
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  2. Jonathan Daly
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Correspondence to Jessica Bouwmeester .

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  1. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia

    Madeleine J. H. van Oppen

  2. Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

    Manuel Aranda Lastra

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Bouwmeester, J., Daly, J., Zuchowicz, N., Hagedorn, M. (2022). Cryopreservation to Conserve Genetic Diversity of Reef-Building Corals. In: van Oppen, M.J.H., Aranda Lastra, M. (eds) Coral Reef Conservation and Restoration in the Omics Age. Coral Reefs of the World, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07055-6_14

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