Skip to main content

Identification of Dysgraphia: A Comparative Review

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Emerging Technologies in Computer Engineering: Cognitive Computing and Intelligent IoT (ICETCE 2022)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 1591))

Abstract

Dysgraphia is a common learning disability in children worldwide. It is characterized as a disturbance or difficulty in the production of written language presented through visual graphics. Almost 10–20% of school going children do face this issue. The child’s functional limitation in creating correct formation of letters or words, insufficient speed and legibility of written text is considered as Developmental Dysgrphia Disorder. Also the term developmental dysgraphia refers to the fact that a child is unable to get writing skills, in spite of the sufficient opportunities to learn in the absence of any neurological disorder. Because of dysgraphia children may have serious issues in their day to day life. It is proposed by various researchers that there might be serious consequences in a child’s academic, social and emotional behaviour because of handwriting difficulties. It is therefore required to detect it in the earlier phase.

There are various scales which are developed to assess the handwriting quality. The Objective of this paper is to present various methods available for automatic detection of dysgraphia. We also presented a comparative study of existing research work for early detection of dysgraphia based on some already available measures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Feder, K.P., Majnemer, A.: Children’s handwriting evaluation tools and their psychometric properties. Phys. Occup. Therapy Pediatrics 23(3), 65–84 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Feder, K.P., Majnemer, A.: Handwriting development, competency, and intervention. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 49(4), 312–317 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Hamstra-Bletz, L., Blöte, A.W.: A longitudinal study on dysgraphic handwriting in primary school. J. Learn. Disabil. 26(10), 689–699 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Mekyska, J., Faundez-Zanuy, M., Mzourek, Z., Galaz, Z., Smekal, Z., Rosenblum, S.: Identification and rating of developmental dysgraphia by handwriting analysis. IEEE Trans. Human-Mach. Syst. 47(2), 235–248 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Asselborn, T., Gargot, T., Kidziński, Ł, Johal, W., Cohen, D., Jolly, C., Dillenbourg, P.: Automated human-level diagnosis of dysgraphia using a consumer tablet. NPJ Dig. Med. 1(1), 1–9 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Yogarajah, P., Bhushan, B.: Deep learning approach to automated detection of dyslexia-dysgraphia. In: The 25th IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Mavrea, T., Malegiannaki, A.C., Apteslis, N., Kosmidi, M.H.: Comparison of intellectual profiles among children with different types of neurodevelopmental disorders and typically developing children. ENCEPHALOS 57, 35–43 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Rosenblum, S., Dror, G.: Identifying developmental dysgraphia characteristics utilizing handwriting classification methods. IEEE Trans. Human-Mach. Syst. 47(2), 293–298 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Döhla, D., Willmes, K., Heim, S.: Cognitive profiles of developmental dysgraphia. Front. Psychol. 9, 2006 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Gargot, T., et al.: Acquisition of handwriting in children with and without dysgraphia: a computational approach. PLoS One 15(9), e0237575 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  11. D’Antrassi, P., Perrone, I., Cuzzocrea, A., Accardo, A.: A composite methodology for supporting early-detection of handwriting dysgraphia via big data analysis techniques. In: De Pietro, G., Gallo, L., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L.C. (eds.) KES-IIMSS 2017. SIST, vol. 76, pp. 241–253. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59480-4_25

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Treatment of handwriting problems in beginning writers: Transfer from handwriting to composition. J. Educ. Psychol. 89(4), 652–666 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Rosenblum, S., Weiss, P., Parush, S.: Product and process evaluation of handwriting difficulties. Educ. Psychol. Rev. 15, 41–81 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Pagliarini, E.: Childrens first handwriting productions show a rhythmic structure. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 1–10 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Schneck, C., Amundson, S.: Prewriting and handwriting skills. Occup. Therapy Child., 555–582 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Medwell, J., Wray, D.: Handwriting automaticity: the search for performance thresholds. Lang. Educ. 28, 34–51 (2021). http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/id/eprint/45306

  17. Rosenblum, S.: Relationships between handwriting features and executive control among children with developmental dysgraphia. Am. J. Occup. Therapy 70 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Asselborn, T., et al.: Bringing letters to life: handwriting with haptic-enabled tangible robots. In: Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Interaction Design and Children, IDC 2018, p. 219230. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3202185.3202747

  19. Zolna, K., Asselborn, T., Jolly, C., Casteran, L., Johal, W., Dillenbourg, P., et al.: The dynamics of handwriting improves the automated diagnosis of dysgraphia. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.07576 (2019)

  20. Dimauro, G., Bevilacqua, V., Colizzi, L., Di Pierro, D.: Testgraphia, a software system for the early diagnosis of dysgraphia. IEEE Access 8, 19564–19575 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Mahrishi, M., Morwal, S., Muzaffar, A.W., Bhatia, S., Dadheech, P., Rahmani, M.K.I.: Video index point detection and extraction framework using custom yolov4 darknet object detection model. IEEE Access 9, 143378–143391 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Asselborn, T., et al.: Reply: limitations in the creation of an automatic diagnosis tool for dysgraphia. npj Dig. Med. 2, 1–2 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Asselborn, T., Chapatte, M., Dillenbourg, P.: Extending the spectrum of dysgraphia: a data driven strategy to estimate handwriting quality. Sci. Rep. 10(1), 1–11 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Drotár, P., Dobeš, M.: Dysgraphia detection through machine learning. Sci. Rep. 10(1), 1–11 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zvoncak, V., Mekyska, J., Safarova, K., Smekal, Z., Brezany, P.: New approach of dysgraphic handwriting analysis based on the tunable q-factor wavelet transform. In: 2019 42nd International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), pp. 289–294. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Van Waelvelde, H., Hellinckx, T., Peersman, W., Smits-Engelsman, B.C.: Sos: a screening instrument to identify children with handwriting impairments. Phys. Occup. Therapy Pediat. 32(3), 306–319 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Rosenblum, S.: Development, reliability, and validity of the handwriting proficiency screening questionnaire (HPSQ). Am. J. Occup. Therapy 62(3), 298–307 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Barnett, A., Henderson, S., Scheib, B., Schulz, J.: Development and standardization of a new handwriting speed test: the detailed assessment of speed of handwriting. BJEP Monograph Ser. II, Number 6 - Teach. Learn. Writ. 1, 137–157 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dolly Mittal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Mittal, D., Yadav, V., Sangwan, A. (2022). Identification of Dysgraphia: A Comparative Review. In: Balas, V.E., Sinha, G.R., Agarwal, B., Sharma, T.K., Dadheech, P., Mahrishi, M. (eds) Emerging Technologies in Computer Engineering: Cognitive Computing and Intelligent IoT. ICETCE 2022. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1591. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07012-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07012-9_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-07011-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-07012-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics