Abstract
Pixel value ordering (PVO) is an excellent strategy for improving embedding capacity and visual quality of reversible data hiding (RDH) algorithm. PVO utilize strong correlation between pixel values to improve the prediction accuracy. However, for rough texture blocks the pixel value fluctuates greatly, that resulting correlation between the pixel values is weak. This paper proposed an PVO based on stationary pixel-values sequence (SPS-PVO), which eliminates the fluctuating pixel values according to the context of the block, and obtains a stationary pixel-values sequence to enhance the correlation between pixel values. Furthermore, the adaptive two-dimensional mapping (2D-mapping) of existing pairwise PEE has been further extended, increasing the number of adaptive prediction errors. We will original adaptive prediction errors {–2, 1, 0, 1} expanded to {–3, –2, 1, 0, 1, 2}. Improved 2D-mapping increases the solution space, it is more likely to find the optimal 2D mapping. Experimental results show that the marked images by the proposed scheme have higher visual quality, e.g., the average PSNR for the Kodak image database is 64.45 dB after embedding 10,000bits, and the gain is 0.25 dB against the best result in the literature.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Shi, Y.Q., Ni, Z., Zou, D., Liang, C., Xuan, G.: Lossless data hiding: fundamentals, algorithms and applications. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 33–36 (2004)
Honsinger, C.W., Jones, P.W., Rabbani, M., Stoffel, J.C.: Lossless recovery of an original image containing embedded data. U.S. Patent (2001)
Shi, Y.Q., Li, X., Zhang, X., Wu, H.T., Ma, B.: Reversible data hiding: advances in the past two decades. IEEE Access 4, 3210–3237 (2016)
Tian, J.: Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion. Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 13(8), 890–896 (2003)
Alattar, A.M.: Reversible watermark using the difference expansion of a generalized integer transform. Trans. Image Process. 13(8), 1147–1156 (2004)
Ni, Z., Shi, Y.Q., Ansari, N., Su, W.: Reversible data hiding. Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 16(3), 354–362 (2006)
Sachnev, V., Kim, H.J., Nam, J., Suresh, S., Shi, Y.Q.: Reversible watermarking algorithm using sorting and prediction. Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 19(7), 989–999 (2009)
Thodi, D.M., Rodriguez, J.J.: Expansion embedding techniques for reversible watermarking. Trans. Image Process. 16(3), 721–730 (2007)
Ma, X., Pan, Z., Hu, S., Wang, L.: High-fidelity reversible data hiding scheme based on multi-predictor sorting and selecting mechanism. J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent 28, 71–82 (2015)
Luo, L., Chen, Z., Chen, M., Zeng, X., Xiong, Z.: Reversible image watermarking using interpolation technique. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 5(1), 187–193 (2010)
Jia, Y., Yin, Z., Zhang, X., Luo, Y.: Reversible data hiding based on reducing invalid shifting of pixels in histogram shifting. Signal Process. 163, 238–246 (2019)
Kim, S., Qu, X., Sachnev, V., Kim, H.J.: Skewed histogram shifting for reversible data hiding using a pair of extreme predictions. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 29(11), 3236–3246 (2019)
Hu, Y., Lee, H.K., Li, J.: DE-based reversible data hiding with improved overflow location map. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 19(2), 250–260 (2009)
Wu, H., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Ni, R.: Improved PPVO-based high-fidelity reversible data hiding. Signal Process. 56, 167–181 (2020)
Wang, J., Ni, J., Zhang, X., Shi, Y.Q.: Rate and distortion optimization for reversible data hiding using multiple histogram shifting. IEEE Trans. Cybern. 47(2), 315–326 (2017)
Coatrieux, G., Pan, W., Cuppens-Boulahia, N., Cuppens, F., Roux, C.: Reversible watermarking based on invariant image classification and dynamic histogram shifting. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 8(1), 111–120 (2013)
Wang, J., Mao, N., Chen, X.: Multiple histograms based reversible data hiding by using FCM clustering. Signal Process. 159(3), 193–203 (2019)
Li, X., Zhang, W., Gui, X., Yang, B.: Efficient reversible data hiding based on multiple histograms modification. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 10(9), 2016–2027 (2015)
Ou, B., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Ni, R., Shi, Y.Q.: Pairwise prediction error expansion for efficient reversible data hiding. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22(12), 5010–5021 (2013)
Ou, B., Li, X., Zhang, W., Zhao, Y.: Improving pairwise PEE via hybrid-dimensional histogram generation and adaptive mapping selection. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 29(7), 2176–2190 (2019)
Li, X., Li, J., Li, B., Yang, B.: High-fidelity reversible data hiding scheme based on pixel- value-ordering and prediction-error expansion. Signal Process. 93(1), 198–205 (2013)
Peng, F., Li, X., Yang, B.: Improved PVO-based reversible data hiding. Digit. Signal Process. 25(6), 255–265 (2014)
Ou, B., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Ni, R.: Reversible data hiding using invariant pixel-value-ordering and prediction-error expansion. Signal Process. Image Commun. 29(7), 760–772 (2014)
Weng, S., Shi, Y., Hong, W., Yao, Y.: Dynamic improved pixel value ordering reversible data hiding. Inf. Sci. 489(8), 136–154 (2019)
Wang, X., Ding, J., Pei, Q.: A novel reversible image data hiding scheme based on pixel value ordering and dynamic pixel block partition. Inf. Sci. 310(68), 16–35 (2015)
Ou, B., Li, X., Wang, J.: High-fidelity reversible data hiding based on pixel-value-ordering and pairwise prediction-error expansion. Vis. Commun. Image Represent 39, 12–23 (2016)
Wu, H., Li, X.: Improved reversible data hiding based on PVO and adaptive pairwise embedding. J. Real-Time Image Process. 16(3), 685–695 (2019)
He, W., Cai, Z.: An insight into pixel value ordering prediction-based prediction-error expansion. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 15(67), 3859–3871 (2020)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mao, N., Chen, F., Yuan, Y., He, H. (2022). Reversible Data Hiding Based on Stationary Sequence of Pixel Value Ordering. In: Sun, X., Zhang, X., Xia, Z., Bertino, E. (eds) Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Security. ICAIS 2022. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1588. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06764-8_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06764-8_30
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-06763-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-06764-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)