Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Immune Neuropathies

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Acquired Neuromuscular Disorders

  • 528 Accesses

Abstract

Immune-mediated neuropathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the peripheral nerves. The first immune-mediated neuropathy was reported in France during the First World War in 1916 when Guillain, Barré, and Strohl described two patients with acute onset weakness that was progressive and predominantly motor, both of which recovered spontaneously. Though similar cases were previously described in 1859 by Landry [1], Guillain and colleagues were the first to demonstrate the presence of areflexia and albuminocytological dissociation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The disease was subsequently named Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

AIDP:

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

AMAN:

Acute motor axonal neuropathy

AMSAN:

Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy

ANNA-1:

Type 1 antineuronal nuclear antigens

CANDA:

Chronic ataxic neuropathy with disialosyl antibodies

CANOMAD:

Chronic ataxic neuropathy, ophthalmoplegia, M protein, agglutinins, and disialosyl antibodies

CASPR1:

Contactin-associated protein-1

CIDP:

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy

CIMP:

Chronic inflammatory motor polyradiculopathy

CISMP:

Chronic inflammatory sensorimotor polyradiculopathy

CISP:

Chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy

CMAN:

Chronic motor axonal neuropathy

CMAP:

Compound muscle action potential

CNTN1:

Contactin-1

CSA:

Cross-sectional area

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

fSCIG:

Subcutaneous immunoglobulin with recombinant human hyaluronidase

FOSMN:

Facial-onset sensory and motor neuropathy

GBS:

Guillain-Barré syndrome

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

ICC:

Immunocytochemistry

IFNγ:

Interferon-gamma

Ig:

Immunoglobulin

IP:

Immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy

IV:

Intravenous

IVIG:

Intravenous immunoglobulin

mAb:

Monoclonal antibody

MADSAM:

Multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy

MAG:

Myelin-associated glycoprotein

MFS:

Miller-Fisher syndrome

MGUS:

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

MMN:

Multifocal motor neuropathy

MRC:

Medical Research Council

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRS:

Modified Rankin Scale

NF:

Neurofascin

POEMS:

Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin abnormalities

SCIG:

Subcutaneous immunoglobulin

SNAP:

Sensory nerve action potential

SS:

Sjögren syndrome

SSA(ro):

Sjögren’s-syndrome-related antigen A

SSEP:

Somatosensory evoked potential

UPSS:

Ultrasound pattern sum score

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VLA4:

Very late antigen 4

References

  1. Landry JB (1859) Note sur la paralysie ascendante aigue. Gazette Hebdomadaire de Medecine et de Chirurgie 6:472–488

    Google Scholar 

  2. Allen JA, Berger M, Querol L, Kuitwaard K, Hadden RD (2018) Individualized immunoglobulin therapy in chronic immune-mediated peripheral neuropathies. J Peripher Nerv Syst 23(2):78–87

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Dyck PJB, Tracy JA (2018) History, diagnosis, and management of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Mayo Clin Proc 93(6):777–793

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bunschoten C, Jacobs BC, Van den Bergh PYK, Cornblath DR, van Doorn PA (2019) Progress in diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Lancet Neurol 18(8):784–794

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Oudeman J, Eftimov F, Strijkers GJ, Schneiders JJ, Roosendaal SD, Engbersen MP et al (2020) Diagnostic accuracy of MRI and ultrasound in chronic immune-mediated neuropathies. Neurology 94(1):e62–e74

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Grimm A, Decard BF, Axer H, Fuhr P (2015) The ultrasound pattern sum score—UPSS. A new method to differentiate acute and subacute neuropathies using ultrasound of the peripheral nerves. Clin Neurophysiol 126(11):2216–2225

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Grimm A, Decard BF, Schramm A, Probstel AK, Rasenack M, Axer H et al (2016) Ultrasound and electrophysiologic findings in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome at disease onset and over a period of six months. Clin Neurophysiol 127(2):1657–1663

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Goedee HS, van der Pol WL, van Asseldonk JH, Franssen H, Notermans NC, Vrancken AJ et al (2017) Diagnostic value of sonography in treatment-naive chronic inflammatory neuropathies. Neurology 88(2):143–151

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Stathopoulos P, Alexopoulos H, Dalakas MC (2015) Autoimmune antigenic targets at the node of Ranvier in demyelinating disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 11(3):143–156

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Delmont E, Manso C, Querol L, Cortese A, Berardinelli A, Lozza A et al (2017) Autoantibodies to nodal isoforms of neurofascin in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Brain 140(7):1851–1858

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Allen JA, Ney J, Lewis RA (2018) Electrodiagnostic errors contribute to chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy misdiagnosis. Muscle Nerve 57(4):542–549

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Allen JA, Lewis RA (2015) CIDP diagnostic pitfalls and perception of treatment benefit. Neurology 85(6):498–504

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Athanasopoulou IM, Rasenack M, Grimm C, Axer H, Sinnreich M, Decard BF et al (2016) Ultrasound of the nerves—an appropriate addition to nerve conduction studies to differentiate paraproteinemic neuropathies. J Neurol Sci 362:188–195

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Basta I, Nikolic A, Apostolski S, Lavrnic S, Stosic-Opincal T, Banjalic S et al (2014) Diagnostic value of combined magnetic resonance imaging examination of brachial plexus and electrophysiological studies in multifocal motor neuropathy. Vojnosanit Pregl 71(8):723–729

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Clerici AM, Nobile-Orazio E, Mauri M, Squellati FS, Bono GG (2017) Utility of somatosensory evoked potentials in the assessment of response to IVIG in a long-lasting case of chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy. BMC Neurol 17(1):127

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Coraci D, Erra C, Santilli V, Padua L (2017) Immune-mediated neuropathies: role of single-fiber conduction velocity. Clin Neurophysiol 128(8):1411–1412

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Verma R, Chaudhari TS (2012) Two unusual variants of Guillain-Barre syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2012:bcr2012007088

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Berciano J, Sedano MJ, Pelayo-Negro AL, Garcia A, Orizaola P, Gallardo E et al (2017) Proximal nerve lesions in early Guillain-Barre syndrome: implications for pathogenesis and disease classification. J Neurol 264(2):221–236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sejvar JJ, Baughman AL, Wise M, Morgan OW (2011) Population incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology 36(2):123–133

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Dalakas MC (2020) Guillain-Barre syndrome: the first documented COVID-19-triggered autoimmune neurologic disease: more to come with myositis in the offing. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 7(5):e781

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Romoli M, Jelcic I, Bernard-Valnet R, Garcia Azorin D, Mancinelli L, Akhvlediani T et al (2020) A systematic review of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the devil is hidden in the details. Eur J Neurol 27(9):1712–1726

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Zito A, Alfonsi E, Franciotta D, Todisco M, Gastaldi M, Cotta Ramusino M et al (2020) COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre syndrome: a case report and review of literature. Front Neurol 11:909

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Fadia M, Shroff S, Simpson E (2019) Immune-mediated neuropathies. Curr Treat Options Neurol 21(6):28

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Rocha Cabrero F, Morrison EH. Miller Fisher syndrome [Updated 2019 Mar 26]. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Grimm A, Oertl H, Auffenberg E, Schubert V, Ruschil C, Axer H et al (2019) Differentiation between Guillain-Barre syndrome and acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis—a prospective follow-up study using ultrasound and neurophysiological measurements. Neurotherapeutics 16(3):838–847

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Devos D, Magot A, Perrier-Boeswillwald J, Fayet G, Leclair-Visonneau L, Ollivier Y et al (2013) Guillain-Barre syndrome during childhood: particular clinical and electrophysiological features. Muscle Nerve 48(2):247–251

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ashrafi MR, Mohammadalipoor A, Naeini AR, Amanat M, Tavasoli AR, Heidari M et al (2020) Clinical characteristics and electrodiagnostic features of Guillain-Barre syndrome among the pediatric population. J Child Neurol 35(7):448–455

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Yu JY, Jung HY, Kim CH, Kim HS, Kim MO (2013) Multiple cranial neuropathies without limb involvements: Guillain-Barre syndrome variant? Ann Rehabil Med 37(5):740–744

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Versace V, Campostrini S, Tezzon F, Martignago S, Kofler M, Saltuari L et al (2017) Atypical electrophysiological findings in a patient with acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy. Front Neurol 8:594

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Anthony SA, Thurtell MJ, Leigh RJ (2012) Miller Fisher syndrome mimicking ocular myasthenia gravis. Optom Vis Sci 89(12):e118–e123

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Brusa R, Faravelli I, Gagliardi D, Magri F, Cogiamanian F, Saccomanno D et al (2019) Ophthalmoplegia due to Miller Fisher syndrome in a patient with myasthenia gravis. Front Neurol 10:823

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Nagashima T, Koga M, Odaka M, Hirata K, Yuki N (2007) Continuous spectrum of pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Arch Neurol 64(10):1519–1523

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Yuki N, Chan AC, Wong AHY, Inoue T, Yokai M, Kurihara T et al (2018) Acute painful autoimmune neuropathy: a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Muscle Nerve 57(2):320–324

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Mathis S, Magy L, Le Masson G, Vallat JM (2017) Did Jules Dejerine describe AMAN at the end of the 19th century? Neurology 89(16):1749–1753

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Kuwabara S (2007) Guillain-Barré syndrome. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 7(1):57–62

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Capasso M, Caporale CM, Pomilio F, Gandolfi P, Lugaresi A, Uncini A (2003) Acute motor conduction block neuropathy. Another Guillain-Barre syndrome variant. Neurology 61(5):617–622

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Kuwabara S, Ogawara K, Koga M, Mori M, Hattori T, Yuki N (1999) Hyperreflexia in Guillain-Barré syndrome: relation with acute motor axonal neuropathy and anti-GM1 antibody. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 67(2):180–184

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Fisher CM, Adams RD (1956) Diphtheritic polyneuritis; a pathological study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 15(3):243–268

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Hsueh HW, Chang KC, Chao CC, Hsieh ST (2020) A pilot study on serial nerve ultrasound in Miller Fisher syndrome. Front Neurol 11:865

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Drenthen J, Maathius EM, Visser GH, van Doorn PA, Blok JH, Jacobs BC (2013) Limb motor nerve dysfunction in Miller Fisher syndrome. J Peripher Nerv Syst 18(1):25–29

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Henderson RD, Ridall GR, Pettitt AN, McCombe PA, Daube JR (2006) The stimulus-response curve and motor unit variability in normal subjects and subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 34(1):34–43

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Taiwo FT, Ezuduemoih DE, Adebayo PB (2020) Post-vaccination pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Cureus 12(8):e9804

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Eichhorst H (1890) Beitrage zur Pathologie der Nerven und Muskeln. Archiv fur pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und fur klinische Medicin 120(2):217–229

    Google Scholar 

  44. Broers MC, Bunschoten C, Nieboer D, Lingsma HF, Jacobs BC (2019) Incidence and prevalence of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology 52(3–4):161–172

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Michaelides A, Hadden RDM, Sarrigiannis PG, Hadjivassiliou M, Zis P (2019) Pain in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Ther 8(2):177–185

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Chuquilin M, Dhand UK (2016) Erythromelalgia-like presentation of chronic acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy in a setting of past alcohol abuse. Neuromuscul Disord 26(2):176–180

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Breiner A, Brannagan TH 3rd (2014) Comparison of sensitivity and specificity among 15 criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 50(1):40–46

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Van den Bergh PY, Hadden RD, Bouche P, Cornblath DR, Hahn A, Illa I et al (2010) European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on management of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society—first revision. Eur J Neurol 17(3):356–363

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Amino H, Shibuya K, Misawa S, Sekiguchi Y, Beppu M, Suichi T et al (2020) Membrane property changes in most distal motor axons in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 61(2):238–242

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Crump NH, Cartwright MS (2022) A retrospective study of ultrasound accuracy for the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. J Clin Neurophysiol 39(4):312–316

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. O’Ferrall EK, Gendron D, Guiot MC, Hall J, Sinnreich M (2013) Lower motor neuron syndrome due to cauda equina hypertrophy with onion bulbs. Muscle Nerve 48(2):301–305

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Khadilkar S, Patel B, Mansukhani KA, Jaggi S (2017) Two cases of chronic immune sensorimotor polyradiculopathy: expanding the spectrum of chronic immune polyradiculopathies. Muscle Nerve 55(1):135–137

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ, Katz J (2013) Multifocal motor neuropathy, multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy, and other chronic acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy variants. Neurol Clin 31(2):533–555

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Riva N, Gallia F, Iannaccone S, Corbo M, Terenghi F, Lazzerini A et al (2011) Chronic motor axonal neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 16(4):341–346

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Lin HP, Ho KWD, Chuquilin M (2018) Presence of both anti-contactin 1 and anti-neurofascin 140 antibodies in a case of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. eNeurologicalSci 13:38–39

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Miura Y, Devaux JJ, Fukami Y, Manso C, Belghazi M, Wong AH et al (2015) Contactin 1 IgG4 associates to chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with sensory ataxia. Brain 138(Pt 6):1484–1491

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Doneddu PE, Cocito D, Manganelli F, Fazio R, Briani C, Filosto M et al (2019) Atypical CIDP: diagnostic criteria, progression and treatment response. Data from the Italian CIDP database. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 90(2):125–132

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Sotgiu S, Minutolo A, Carta A, Puseddu G, Doneddu PE, Nobile-Orazio E (2021) Chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy (CISP): first juvenile case description. Neurol Sci 42(1):333–336

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Grimm A, Vittore D, Schubert V, Lipski C, Heiling B, Decard BF et al (2016) Ultrasound pattern sum score, homogeneity score and regional nerve enlargement index for differentiation of demyelinating inflammatory and hereditary neuropathies. Clin Neurophysiol 127(7):2618–2624

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Dubey D, Honorat JA, Shelly S, Klein CJ, Komorowski L, Mills JR et al (2020) Contactin-1 autoimmunity: serologic, neurologic, and pathologic correlates. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 7(4):e771

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Kieseier BC, Mathey EK, Sommer C, Hartung HP (2018) Immune-mediated neuropathies. Nat Rev Dis Primers 4(1):31

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Brier MR, Everett EA, Bucelli RC (2020) An atypical and multifactorial acute immune polyradiculopathy: a case report. Neurohospitalist 10(2):118–120

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Maeda H, Ishii R, Kusunoki S, Chiyonobu T (2020) Childhood-onset multifocal motor neuropathy with IgM antibodies to GM2 and GalNac-GD1a. Brain Dev 42(1):88–92

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Beadon K, Guimaraes-Costa R, Leger JM (2018) Multifocal motor neuropathy. Curr Opin Neurol 31(5):559–564

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Bromberg MB, Franssen H (2015) Practical rules for electrodiagnosis in suspected multifocal motor neuropathy. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 16(3):141–152

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Bridel C, Horvath J, Kurian M, Truffert A, Steck A, Lalive PH (2014) Multifocal motor neuropathy with high titers of anti-MAG antibodies. J Peripher Nerv Syst 19(2):180–182

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Cats EA, van der Pol WL, Tio-Gillen AP, Diekstra FP, van den Berg LH, Jacobs BC (2015) Clonality of anti-GM1 IgM antibodies in multifocal motor neuropathy and the Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 86(5):502–504

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Delmont E, Azulay JP, Giorgi R, Attarian S, Verschueren A, Uzenot D et al (2006) Multifocal motor neuropathy with and without conduction block: a single entity? Neurology 67(4):592–596

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Joint Task Force of the EFNS and the PNS (2010) European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on management of multifocal motor neuropathy. Report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society—first revision. J Peripher Nerv Syst 15(4):295–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Lehmann HC, Meyer Zu Horste G, Kieseier BC, Hartung HP (2009) Pathogenesis and treatment of immune-mediated neuropathies. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2(4):261–281

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Taylor BV, Dyck PJ, Engelstad J, Gruener G, Grant I, Dyck PJ (2004) Multifocal motor neuropathy: pathologic alterations at the site of conduction block. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 63(2):129–137

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Uncini A, Susuki K, Yuki N (2013) Nodo-paranodopathy: beyond the demyelinating and axonal classification in anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated neuropathies. Clin Neurophysiol 124(10):1928–1934

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Chaudhry V, Cornblath DR (2010) An open-label trial of rituximab (Rituxan®) in multifocal motor neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 15(3):196–201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. van Schaik IN, Bril V, van Geloven N, Hartung H-P, Lewis RA, Sobue G et al (2018) Subcutaneous immunoglobulin for maintenance treatment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (PATH): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol 17(1):35–46

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Cocito D, Merola A, Romagnolo A, Peci E, Toscano A, Mazzeo A et al (2016) Subcutaneous immunoglobulin in CIDP and MMN: a different long-term clinical response? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 87(7):791–793

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Mathis S, Franques J, Richard L, Vallat JM (2016) Monoclonal gammopathy of undeterminated significance and endoneurial IgG deposition: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 95(36):e4807

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Kamil K, Yazid MD, Idrus RBH, Das S, Kumar J (2019) Peripheral demyelinating diseases: from biology to translational medicine. Front Neurol 10:87

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. Gupta A, Kumar PS, Puri V, Saran RK, Narang P, Chowdhury D (2018) 51-year old man with tingling, burning and progressive limb weakness. Pract Neurol 18(5):382–388

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Mauermann ML, Sorenson EJ, Dispenzieri A, Mandrekar J, Suarez GA, Dyck PJ et al (2012) Uniform demyelination and more severe axonal loss distinguish POEMS syndrome from CIDP. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 83(5):480–486

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Li J, Lin W (2018) Various clinical features of patients with anti-Hu associated paraneoplastic neurological syndromes: an observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 97(18):e0649

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Garcia-Santibanez R, Zaidman CM, Sommerville RB, Lopate G, Weihl CC, Pestronk A et al (2018) CANOMAD and other chronic ataxic neuropathies with disialosyl antibodies (CANDA). J Neurol 265(6):1402–1409

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Sonoda K, Sasaki K, Tateishi T, Yamasaki R, Hayashi S, Sakae N et al (2013) TAR DNA-binding protein 43 pathology in a case clinically diagnosed with facial-onset sensory and motor neuronopathy syndrome: an autopsied case report and a review of the literature. J Neurol Sci 332(1–2):148–153

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Vucic S, Stein TD, Hedley-Whyte ET, Reddel SR, Tisch S, Kotschet K et al (2012) FOSMN syndrome: novel insight into disease pathophysiology. Neurology 79(1):73–79

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Vucic S, Tian D, Chong PS, Cudkowicz ME, Hedley-Whyte ET, Cros D (2006) Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (FOSMN syndrome): a novel syndrome in neurology. Brain 129(Pt 12):3384–3390

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Birnbaum J, Duncan T, Owoyemi K, Wang KC, Carrino J, Chhabra A (2014) Use of a novel high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography protocol to detect abnormal dorsal root ganglia in Sjogren patients with neuropathic pain: case series of 10 patients and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 93(3):121–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Seeliger T, Prenzler NK, Gingele S, Seeliger B, Korner S, Thiele T et al (2019) Neuro-Sjogren: peripheral neuropathy with limb weakness in Sjogren's syndrome. Front Immunol 10:1600

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Adjemian JZ, Howell J, Holzbauer S, Harris J, Recuenco S, McQuiston J et al (2009) A clustering of immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy among swine abattoir workers exposed to aerosolized porcine brains, Indiana, United States. Int J Occup Environ Health 15(4):331–338

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Holzbauer SM, DeVries AS, Sejvar JJ, Lees CH, Adjemian J, McQuiston JH et al (2010) Epidemiologic investigation of immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy among abattoir workers exposed to porcine brain. PLoS One 5(3):e9782

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  89. Tracy JA, Dyck PJ (2011) Auto-immune polyradiculoneuropathy and a novel IgG biomarker in workers exposed to aerosolized porcine brain. J Peripher Nerv Syst 16(Suppl 1):34–37

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Muley SA, Holzbauer S, Clark B, Sejvar J, Lynfield R, Parry G et al (2018) Immunohistochemistry and electrophysiological findings in swine abattoir workers with immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy. J Neurol Sci 385:34–38

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Ramchandren S, Lewis RA (2012) An update on monoclonal gammopathy and neuropathy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 12(1):102–110

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Kujif ML, Eurelings M, Tio-Gillen AP, van Doorn PA, van den Berg LH, Hooijkaas H et al (2009) Detection of anti-MAG antibodies in polyneuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy. Neurology 73(9):688–695

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Vallat JM, Jauberteau MO, Bordessoule D, Yardin C, Preux PM, Couratier P (1996) Link between peripheral neuropathy and monoclonal dysglobulinemia: a study of 66 cases. J Neurol Sci 137(2):124–130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Magy L, Kabore R, Mathis S, Lebeau P, Ghorab K, Caudie C et al (2015) Heterogeneity of polyneuropathy associated with anti-MAG antibodies. J Immunol Res 2015:450391

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  95. Kawagashira Y, Koike H, Ohyama K, Hashimoto R, Iijima M, Adachi H et al (2015) Axonal loss influences the response to rituximab treatment in neuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibody. J Neurol Sci 348(1–2):67–73

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Benedetti L, Briani C, Franciotta D, Carpo M, Padua L, Zara G et al (2008) Long-term effect of rituximab in anti-mag polyneuropathy. Neurology 71(21):42–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Benedetti L, Briani C, Grandis M, Vigo T, Gobbi M, Ghiglione E et al (2007) Predictors of response to rituximab in patients with neuropathy and anti-myelin associated glycoprotein immunoglobulin M. J Peripher Nerv Syst 12(2):102–107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Dalakas MC, Rakocevic G, Salajegheh M, Dambrosia JM, Hahn AF, Raju R et al (2009) Placebo-controlled trial of rituximab in IgM anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibody demyelinating neuropathy. Ann Neurol 65(3):286–293

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Piccione EA, Engelstad J, Dyck PJ, Mauermann ML, Dispenzieri A, Dyck PJ (2016) Nerve pathologic features differentiate POEMS syndrome from CIDP. Acta Neuropathol Commun 4(1):116

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  100. Shihashi G, Yagi T, Suzuki S, Seki M, Kohashi S, Ueda T et al (2015) Immune-mediated neuropathy with anti-disialosyl IgM antibodies in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report and literature review. Intern Med 54(13):1647–1651

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Hokonohara T, Shigeto H, Kawano Y, Ohyagi Y, Uehara M, Kira J (2008) Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (FOSMN) syndrome responding to immunotherapies. J Neurol Sci 275(1–2):157–158

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Chai Y, Bertorini TE, McGrew FA (2011) Hereditary inclusion-body myopathy associated with cardiomyopathy: report of two siblings. Muscle Nerve 43(1):133–136

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Zucchi E, Cavallieri F, Giovannini G, Antonelli F, Mascia MT, Bedin R et al (2018) Post-infectious sensory neuropathy with anti-GT1a and GQ1b antibodies associated with cold urticaria. J Clin Neurosci 56:175–177

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Cocito D, Merola A, Peci E, Mazzeo A, Fazio R, Francia A et al (2014) Subcutaneous immunoglobulin in CIDP and MMN: a short-term nationwide study. J Neurol 261(11):2159–2164

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Racosta JM, Sposato LA, Kimpinski K (2017) Subcutaneous versus intravenous immunoglobulin for chronic autoimmune neuropathies: a meta-analysis. Muscle Nerve 55(6):802–809

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Joint Task Force of the EFNS and the PNS (2010) European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on management of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society—first revision. J Peripher Nerv Syst 15(3):185–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Sinanovic O, Zukic S, Burina A, Piric N, Hodzic R, Atic M et al (2017) Plasmapheresis in neurological disorders: six years experience from University Clinical Center Tuzla. F1000Res 6:1234

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  108. Galldiks N, Burghaus L, Dohmen C, Teschner S, Pollok M, Leebmann J et al (2011) Immunoadsorption in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with unsatisfactory response to first-line treatment. Eur Neurol 66(4):183–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Hirst C, Raasch S, Llewelyn G, Robertson N (2006) Remission of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy after alemtuzumab (Campath 1H). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77(6):800–802

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  110. Marsh EA, Hirst CL, Llewelyn JG, Cossburn MD, Reilly MM, Krishnan A et al (2010) Alemtuzumab in the treatment of IVIG-dependent chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. J Neurol 257(6):913–919

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Fitzpatrick AM, Mann CA, Barry S, Brennan K, Overell JR, Willison HJ (2011) An open label clinical trial of complement inhibition in multifocal motor neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 16(2):84–91

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Davidson AI, Halstead SK, Goodfellow JA, Chavada G, Mallik A, Overell J et al (2017) Inhibition of complement in Guillain-Barré syndrome: the ICA-GBS study. J Peripher Nerv Syst 22(1):4–12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Misawa S, Kuwabara S, Sato Y, Yamaguchi N, Nagashima K, Katayama K et al (2018) Safety and efficacy of eculizumab in Guillain-Barré syndrome: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol 17(6):519–529

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Mahdi-Rogers M, Brassington R, Gunn AA, van Doorn PA, Hughes RA (2017) Immunomodulatory treatment other than corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and plasma exchange for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5:CD003280

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Donofrio PD, Bril V, Dalakas MC, Deng C, Hanna K, Hartung HP et al (2010) Safety and tolerability of immune globulin intravenous in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Arch Neurol 67(9):1082–1088

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Hachulla E, Le Masson G, Sole G, Hamidou M, Desnuelle C, Azulay JP et al (2018) Safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (Tegeline(R)), administered at home in patients with autoimmune disease: results of a French study. Biomed Res Int 2018:8147251

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  117. Le Masson G, Sole G, Desnuelle C, Delmont E, Gauthier-Darnis M, Puget S et al (2018) Home versus hospital immunoglobulin treatment for autoimmune neuropathies: a cost minimization analysis. Brain Behav 8(2):e00923

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  118. Bonilla FA (2008) Pharmacokinetics of immunoglobulin administered via intravenous or subcutaneous routes. Immunol Allergy Clin N Am 28(4):803–819, ix.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. Christiansen I, Markvardsen LH, Jakobsen J (2018) Comparisons in fluctuation of muscle strength and function in patients with immune-mediated neuropathy treated with intravenous versus subcutaneous immunoglobulin. Muscle Nerve 57(4):610–614

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Katzberg HD, Rasutis V, Bril V (2016) Subcutaneous immunoglobulin for treatment of multifocal motor neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 54(5):856–863

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Sala TP, Crave JC, Duracinsky M, Lepira Bompeka F, Tadmouri A, Chassany O et al (2018) Efficacy and patient satisfaction in the use of subcutaneous immunoglobulin immunotherapy for the treatment of auto-immune neuromuscular diseases. Autoimmun Rev 17(9):873–881

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Herraets IJT, Bakers JNE, van Eijk RPA, Goedee HS, van der Pol WL, van den Berg LH (2019) Human immune globulin 10% with recombinant human hyaluronidase in multifocal motor neuropathy. J Neurol 266(11):2734–2742

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  123. Al-Zuhairy A, Jakobsen J, Andersen H, Sindrup SH, Markvardsen LK (2019) Randomized trial of facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin in multifocal motor neuropathy. Eur J Neurol 26(10):1289–1e82

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Davies AJ, Fehmi J, Senel M, Tumani H, Dorst J, Rinaldi S (2020) Immunoadsorption and plasma exchange in seropositive and seronegative immune-mediated neuropathies. J Clin Med 9(7):2025

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  125. MacIsaac J, Siddiqui R, Jamula E, Li N, Baker S, Webert KE et al (2018) Systematic review of rituximab for autoimmune diseases: a potential alternative to intravenous immune globulin. Transfusion 58(11):2729–2735

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Querol L, Rojas-Garcia R, Diaz-Manera J, Barcena J, Pardo J, Ortega-Moreno A et al (2015) Rituximab in treatment-resistant CIDP with antibodies against paranodal proteins. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2(5):e149

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  127. Doets AY, Hughes RA, Brassington R, Hadden RD, Pritchard J (2020) Pharmacological treatment other than corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange for Guillain-Barre syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD008630

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Vallat JM, Mathis S, Ghorab K, Milor MA, Richard L, Magy L (2015) Natalizumab as a disease-modifying therapy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy—a report of three cases. Eur Neurol 73(5–6):294–302

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Wolf C, Menge T, Stenner MP, Meyer Zu Horste G, Saleh A, Hartung HP et al (2010) Natalizumab treatment in a patient with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Arch Neurol 67(7):881–883

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Catalyst Pharmaceuticals Inc, St. Petersburg, FL, USA

    Stanley Iyadurai

  2. El Paso, TX, USA

    Darine Kassar

Authors
  1. Stanley Iyadurai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Darine Kassar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department Neurosciences, Neuromuscular Center, Campus Pietro d’Abano, University of Padova, Padova, Padova, Italy

    Corrado Angelini

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Iyadurai, S., Kassar, D. (2022). Immune Neuropathies. In: Angelini, C. (eds) Acquired Neuromuscular Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06731-0_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06731-0_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-06730-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-06731-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation