Skip to main content

Oral Health Treatment Planning: Dental Disease Prevention and Oral Health Promotion for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Disabilities

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Treatment Planning for Children with Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Part of the book series: Autism and Child Psychopathology Series ((ACPS))

  • 1057 Accesses

Abstract

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and other intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are at increased risk for poor oral health. Optimal oral health helps children achieve their maximum potential by preventing systemic health complications and giving them opportunities to eat, sleep, play, socialize, and learn throughout the life course without having to experience the health, economic, and social sequelae of untreated dental diseases. In this chapter, we describe the barriers to optimal oral health. We adopt a behavioral lens that lends itself to immediate strategies that can address the known risk factors for common oral diseases. Our goal is to empower nondental health professionals who treat children with ASD to play a more active role in oral health promotion and dental disease prevention.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Al Batayneh, O. B., Nazer, T. S., & Owals, A. I. (2020). Effectiveness of a tooth-brushing programme using the picture exchange communication system (PECS) on gingival health of children with autism spectrum disorders. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, 21, 277–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al Humaid, J., Tesini, D., Finkelman, M., & Loo, C. Y. (2016). Effectiveness of the d-termined program of repetitive tasking for children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Dentistry for Children, 83(1), 16–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. (2020a). Behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient. In The reference manual of pediatric dentistry (pp. 292–310). American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. (2020b). Definition of dental home. In The reference manual of pediatric dentistry (p. 15). American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. (2020c). Pediatric restorative dentistry. In The reference manual of pediatric dentistry (pp. 371–383). American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. (2020d). Policy on use of fluoride. In The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry (pp. 66–67). Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, K. L., Self, T. L., & Carlson, B. N. (2017). Interprofessional collaboration of dental hygiene and communication sciences & disorders students to meet oral health needs of children with autism. Journal of Allied Health, 46(4), e97–e101.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, S. E., Must, A., Curtin, C., & Bandini, L. G. (2012). Meals in our household: Reliability and initial validation of a questionnaire to assess child mealtime behaviors and family mealtime environments. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(2), 276–284.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Autism Speaks. (n.d.). Dental tool kit. Retrieved May 15, 2021, from https://www.autismspeaks.org/tool-kit/dentist-for-kids-with-autism

  • Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network. (n.d.). Autism toolkit for dental professionals. Retrieved May15, 2021 from https://www.autismspeaks.org/sites/default/files/2018-08/Dental%20Professionals%20Tool%20Kit.pdf

  • Balian, A., Cirio, S., Salerno, C., Gerhard Wolf, T., Campus, G., & Cagetti, M. G. (2021). Is visual pedagogy effective in improving cooperation towards oral hygiene and dental care in children with autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 789.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bandini, L. G., Anderson, S. E., Curtin, C., Cermak, S., Evans, E. W., Scampini, R., & Must, A. (2010). Food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developing children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 157, 259–264.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bandini, L. G., Curtin, C., Phillips, S., Anderson, S. E., Maslin, M., & Must, A. (2017). Changes in food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47, 439–446.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bayarsaikhan, Z., Cruz, S., Neff, J., & Chi, D. L. (2015). Transitioning from pediatric to adult dental care for adolescents with special health care needs: Dentist perspectives–Part two. Pediatric Dentistry, 37(5), 447–451.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Burgette, J., & Chi, D. L. (2021). Behavioral and social determinants of oral health in children with special health care needs. Pediatrics, 148(2), e2021050886.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bui, F. Q., Almeida-da-Silva, C. L. C., Huynh, B., Trinh, A., Liu, J., Woodward, J., … Ojcius, D. M. (2019). Association between periodontal pathogens and systemic disease. Biomedical Journal, 42(1), 27–35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Burgette, J. M., & Rezaie, A. (2020). Association between ASD spectrum disorder and caregiver-reported dental caries in children. JDR Clinical and Translational Research, 5(3), 254–261.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cagetti, M. G., Mastroberardino, S., Campus, G., et al. (2015). Dental care protocol based on visual supports for children with autism spectrum disorders. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal, 20, e598–e604.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cermak, S. A., Stein Duker, L. I., Williams, M. E., et al. (2015). Sensory adapted dental environments to enhance oral care for children with autism spectrum disorders: A randomized controlled pilot study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45, 2876–2888.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, H.-Y., Yang, H., Chi, H.-J., & Chen, H.-M. (2012). Physiological effects of deep touch pressure on anxiety alleviation: The weighted blanket approach. Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 33(5), 463–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, H.-Y., Yang, H., Chi, H.-J., & Chen, H.-M. (2019). Parasympathetic effect of deep pressure input on third molar extraction in adolescents. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 118(9), 1317–1324.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, H.-Y., Yang, H., Meng, L.-F., Chan, P.-Y. S., Yang, C.-Y., & Chen, H.-M. (2016). Effect of deep pressure input on parasympathetic system in patients with wisdom tooth surgery. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 115(10), 853–859.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chi, D. L. (2014a). Caregivers who refuse preventive care for their children: The relationship between immunization and topical fluoride refusal. American Journal of Public Health, 104(7), 1327–1333.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chi, D. L. (2014b). Medical care transition planning and dental care use for youth with special health care needs during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood: A preliminary explanatory model. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18(4), 778–788.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chi, D. L. (2017). Parent refusal of topical fluoride for their children: Clinical strategies and future research priorities to improve evidence-based pediatric dental practice. Dental Clinics of North America, 61(3), 607–617.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chi, D. L., & Basson, A. A. (2018). Surveying dentists’ perceptions of caregiver refusal of topical fluoride. JDR Clinical & Translational Research, 3(3), 314–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chi, D. L., & Kateeb, E. T. (2021). Factors influencing dentists' willingness to treat Medicaid-enrolled adolescents. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 81(1), 42–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chi, D. L., Momany, E. T., Neff, J., Jones, M. P., Warren, J. J., Slayton, R. L., Weber-Gasparoni, K., & Damiano, P. C. (2010). Impact of chronic condition status and severity on dental treatment under general anesthesia for Medicaid-enrolled children in Iowa state. Paediatric Anaesthesia, 20(9), 856–865.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chistol, L. T., Bandini, L. G., Must, A., Phillips, S., Cermak, S. A., & Curtin, C. (2018). Sensory sensitivity and food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48, 583–591.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cruz, S., Neff, J., & Chi, D. L. (2015). Transitioning from pediatric to adult dental care for adolescents with special health care needs: Adolescent and caregiver perspectives–Part one. Pediatric Dentistry, 37(5), 442–446.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Crystal, Y. O., Janal, M. N., Hamilton, D. S., & Niederman, R. (2017). Caregiveral perceptions and acceptance of silver diamine fluoride staining. Journal of the American Dental Association, 148(7), 510–518.e4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crystal, Y. O., Janal, M. N., Yim, S., & Nelson, T. (2020). Teaching and utilization of silver diamine fluoride and hall-style crowns in US pediatric dentistry residency programs. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 151(10), 755–763.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crystal, Y. O., Kreider, B., & Raveis, V. H. (2019). Caregiveral expressed concerns about silver diamine fluoride (SDF) treatment. The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 43(3), 155–160.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cuvo, A. J., Godard, A., Huckfeldt, R., & DeMattei, R. (2010). Training children with autism spectrum disorders to be compliant with an oral assessment. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorder, 4(4), 681–696.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dailey, J. C., & Brooks, J. K. (2019). Autism Spectrum disorder: Techniques for dental radiographic examinations. Journal of Dental Hygiene, 93(6), 35–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. J. (2009). Issues in access to oral health care for special care patients. Dental Clinics of North America, 53(2), 169–181.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeRouen, T. A., Martin, M. D., Leroux, B. G., Townes, B. D., Woods, J. S., Leitão, J., … Martins, I. P. (2006). Neurobehavioral effects of dental amalgam in children: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 295(15), 1784–1792.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Du, R. Y., Lam, P. P. Y., You, C. K. Y., & McGrath, C. P. (2021). Evaluation of visual pedagogy in improving plaque control and gingival inflammation among preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: An interventional study. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 31, 89–105.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edelson, S. M., Edelson, M. G., Kerr, D. C. R., & Grandin, T. (1999). Behavioral and physiological effects of deep pressure on children with ASD: A pilot study evaluating the efficacy of Grandin’s hug machine. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(2), 145–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fakhruddin, K. S., & El Batawi, H. Y. (2017). Effectiveness of audiovisual distraction in behavior modification during dental caries assessment and sealant placement in children with autism spectrum disorder. Dental Research Journal (Isfahan), 14(3), 177–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrazzano, G. F., Salerno, C., Bravaccio, C., Ingenito, A., Sangianantoni, G., & Cantile, T. (2020). Autism spectrum disorders and oral health status: Review of the literature. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 21(1), 9–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Floríndez, L. I., Floríndez, D. C., Price, M. E., Floríndez, F. M., Como, D. H., Polido, J. C., Baezconde-Garbanati, L., Pyatak, E., & Cermak, S. A. (2021). Exploring eating challenges and food selectivity for latinx children with and without autism spectrum disorder using qualitative visual methodology: Implications for oral health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3751.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fontaine-Sylvestre, C., Roy, A., Rizkallah, J., Dabbagh, B., & Ferraz Dos Santos, B. (2017). Prevalence of malocclusion in Canadian children with ASD spectrum disorder. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 152(1), 38–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gledys Zink, A., Cassola Molina, E., Baffi Diniz, M., Santos, M. T. B. R., & Guaré, O. (2018). Communication application for use during the first dental visit for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatric Dentistry, 40(1), 18–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grandin, T. (2006). Thinking in pictures: My life with autism. Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, C. (2010). The new social story (10th ed.). Future Horizons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hage, S. R. V., Lopes-Herrera, S. A., Santos, T. H. F., Defense-Netvral, D. A., Martins, A., Sawasaki, L. Y., & Fernandes, F. D. M. (2020). Oral hygiene and habits of children with autism spectrum disorders and their families. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 12(8), e719–e724.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hatahira, H., Abe, J., Hane, Y., Matsui, T., Sasaoka, S., Motooka, Y., … Nakamura, M. (2017). Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia: A retrospective study using spontaneous reporting system databases. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, 3(1), 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heyman, M. B., & Abrams, S. A. (2017). Section on gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition; committee on nutrition. Fruit juice in infants, children, and adolescents: Current recommendations. Pediatrics, 139(6), e20170967.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, S. D., Uhlig, R., Afshari, P., Williams, J., Chroneos, M., Tierney-Aves, C., … Middleton, F. A. (2018). Oral microbiome activity in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 11(9), 1286–1299.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Holt, S., & Parry, J. A. (2019). Caregiver reported experience of using a real-time text messaging service for dental appointments for children and young people with autism spectrum conditions: A pilot study. Special Care in Dentistry, 39, 84–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hong, E. Y., Cermak, S. A., & Stein Duker, L. I. (2018). Occupational therapists’ distinct value in creating a sensory-friendly waiting room. American Occupational Therapy Association SIS Quarterly Practice Connections, 3(3), 11–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horst, J. A. (2018). Silver fluoride as a treatment for dental caries. Advances in Dental Research, 29(1), 135–140.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, K. L., Anderson, S. E., Curtin, C., Must, A., & Bandini, L. G. (2014). A comparison of food refusal related to characteristics of food in children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114, 1981–1987.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Innes, N. P., Evans, D. J., & Stirrups, D. R. (2011). Sealing caries in primary molars: Randomized control trial, 5-year results. Journal of Dental Research, 90(12), 1405–1410.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Isong, I. A., Rao, S. R., Holifield, C., Iannuzzi, D., Hanson, E., Ware, J., & Nelson, L. P. (2014). Addressing dental fear in children with autism spectrum disorders: A randomized controlled pilot study using electronic screen media. La Clinica Pediatrica, 53(3), 230–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, D., Jacobson, J., Leong, T., Lourenco, S., Mancl, L., & Chi, D. L. (2019). Evaluating child toothbrushing behavior changes associated with a mobile game app: A single arm pre/post pilot study. Pediatric Dentistry, 41(4), 299–303.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Khrautieo, T., Srimaneekarn, N., Rirattanapong, P., & Smutkeeree, A. (2020). Association of sensory sensitivities and toothbrushing cooperation in autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 30(4), 505–513.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, G., Carrico, C., Ivey, C., & Wunsch, P. B. (2019). Impact of sensory adapted dental environment on children with developmental disabilities. Special Care in Dentistry, 39, 180–187.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kirthiga, M., Murugan, M., Saikia, A., & Kirubakaran, R. (2019). Risk factors for early childhood caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case control and cohort studies. Pediatric Dentistry, 41(2), 95–112.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kokina, A., & Kern, L. (2010). Social story interventions for students with autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 812–826.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, H. H., Milgrom, P., Starks, H., & Burke, W. (2013). Trends in death associated with pediatric dental sedation and general anesthesia. Paediatric Anaesthesia, 23(8), 741–746.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lefer, G., Rouches, A., Bourdon, P., & Lopez Cazaux, S. (2019). Training children with autism spectrum disorder to undergo oral assessment using a digital iPad® application. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, 20(2), 113–121.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leiva-García, B., El, P., Planells Del Pozo, P., & Molina-López, J. (2019). Association between feeding problems and oral health status in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(12), 4997–5008.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, D. S., Volkert, V. M., & Piazza, C. C. (2014). A multi-component treatment to reduce packing in children with feeding and autism spectrum disorders. Behavior Modification, 38, 940–963.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, C., Vigo, L., Novak, L., & Klein, E. J. (2015). Listening to caregivers: A qualitative look at the dental and oral care experiences of children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatric Dentistry, 37, e98–e104.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loo, C. Y., Graham, R. M., & Hughes, C. V. (2009). Behavior guidance in dental treatment of patients with autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 19(6), 390–398.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez Cazaux, S., Lefer, G., Rouches, A., & Bourdon, P. (2019). Toothbrushing training programme using an iPad® for children and adolescents with autism. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, 20(3), 277–284.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Magnuson, B. A., Carakostas, M. C., Moore, N. H., Poulos, S. P., & Renwick, A. G. (2016). Biological fate of low-calorie sweeteners. Nutrition Reviews, 74(11), 670–689.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Magnuson, B. A., Roberts, A., & Nestmann, E. R. (2017). Critical review of the current literature on the safety of sucralose. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 106(Pt A), 324–355.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mah, J. W. T., & Tsang, P. (2016). Visual schedule system in dental care for patients with autism: A pilot study. The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 40(5), 393–399.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Margari, L., Marzulli, L., Gabellone, A., & de Giambattista, C. (2020). Eating and mealtime behaviors in patients with autism spectrum disorder: Current perspectives. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 16, 2083–2102.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Marion, I. W., Nelson, T. M., Sheller, B., McKinney, C. M., & Scott, J. M. (2016). Dental stories for children with autism. Special Care in Dentistry, 36, 181–186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, J., Sheller, B., & Mancl, L. (2010). Caries-risk assessment and caries status of children with autism. Pediatric Dentistry, 32, 69–75.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, J., Sheller, B., Mancl, L., & Williams, B. J. (2008). Parental attitudes regarding behavior guidance of dental patients with autism. Pediatric Dentistry, 30(5), 400–407.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller-Kuhaneck, H., & Chisolm, E. C. (2012). Improving dental visits for individuals with autism spectrum disorders through an understanding of sensory processing. Special Care in Dentistry, 32, 229–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murshid, E. Z. (2017). Effectiveness of a preparatory aid in facilitating oral assessment in a group of Saudi children with autism spectrum disorders in Central Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal, 38, 533–540.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Norwood, K.W., Jr, & Slayton, R.L. (2013). Council on children with disabilities; Section on oral health. Oral health care for children with developmental disabilities. Pediatrics, 131(3), 614–619. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-3650

  • Nelson, T., Chim, A., Sheller, B. L., McKinney, C. M., & Scott, J. M. (2017). Predicting successful dental examinations for children with autism spectrum disorder in the context of a dental desensitization program. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 148(7), 485–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, T. M. (2019). Desensitization and therapeutic behavioral approaches to dental care. In T. Nelson & J. R. De Bord (Eds.), Dental care for children with special needs: A clinical guide (pp. 99–122). Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, T. M., Sheller, B., Friedman, C. S., & Bernier, R. (2015). Educational and therapeutic behavioral approaches to providing dental care for patients with autism spectrum disorder. Special Care in Dentistry, 35, 105–113.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nilchian, F., Shakibai, F., & Jarah, Z. T. (2017). Evaluation of visual pedagogy in dental check-ups and preventive practices among 6-12-year-old children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47, 858–864.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orellana, L. M., Martínez-Sanchis, S., & Silvestre, S. J. (2014). Training adults and children with an autism spectrum disorder to be compliant with a clinical dental assessment using a TEACCH-based approach. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 776–785.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Page, L. A., Boyd, D. H., Davidson, S. E., McKay, S. K., Thomson, W. M., & Innes, N. P. (2014). Acceptability of the hall technique to caregivers and children. The New Zealand Dental Journal, 110(1), 12–17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Page, S. D., Souders, M. C., Kral, T. V. E., Chao, A. M., & Pinto-Martin, J. (2021). Correlates of feeding difficulties among children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51, 255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parry, J., & Shepherd, J. (2018). Understanding oral health challenges for children and young people with autistic spectrum conditions: Views of families and the dental team. Journal of Dentistry & Oral Health, 19(4), 16–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrovic, B. B., Peric, T. O., Markovic, D. L. J., Bajkin, B. B., Petrovic, D., Blagojevic, D. B., & Vujkov, S. (2016). Unmet oral health needs among persons with intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 59, 370–377.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, B., & Stein Duker, L. I. (2016). The impact of the sensory environment on patient care for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. In E. Giarelli & K. Fisher (Eds.), Integrated health care for people with autism spectrum disorder: Interdisciplinary planning and delivery of care (pp. 69–92). Charles C. Thomas Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, B., Stein Duker, L. I., & Shui, C. A. (2019). Effectiveness of noise-attenuating headphones on physiological responses in children with autism spectrum disorders. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 13, 65.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pi, X., Liu, C., Li, Z., Guo, H., Jiang, H., & Du, M. (2020). A meta-analysis of oral health status of children with ASD. The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 44(1), 1–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pilebro, C., & Backman, B. (2005). Teaching oral hygiene to children with autism. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 15(1), 1–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pizzo, G., Re, D. L., Piscopo, M. R., Pizzo, I., & Giuliana, G. (2009). Genetic disorders and periodontal health: A literature review. Medical Science Monitor, 15(8), RA167–RA178.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Popple, B., Wall, C., Flink, L., Powell, K., Discepolo, K., Keck, D., Mademtzi, M., Volkmar, F., & Shic, F. (2016). Brief report: Remotely delivered video modeling for improving oral hygiene in children with ASD: A pilot study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(8), 2791–2796.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Qiao, Y., Shi, H., Wang, H., Wang, M., & Chen, F. (2020). Oral health status of Chinese children with ASD spectrum disorders. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 398.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rada, R. E. (2010). Controversial issues in treating the dental patient with autism. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 141(8), 947–953. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0308

  • Reynhout, G., & Carter, M. (2006). Social stories for children with disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(4), 445–469.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarcia, B. (2021). The impact of applied behavior analysis to address mealtime behaviors of concern among individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 44(1), 83–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, M., Sgan-Cohen, H. D., Parush, S., & Melmed, R. N. (2009a). Influence of adapted environment on the anxiety of medically treated children with developmental disability. The Journal of Pediatrics, 154, 546–550.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, M., Melmed, R. N., Sgan-Cohen, H. D., & Parush, S. (2009b). Effect of sensory adaptation on anxiety of children with developmental disabilities: A new approach. Pediatric Dentistry, 31, 222–228.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E., Constantin, A., Johnson, H., & Brosnan, M. (2021). Digitally-mediated social stories support children on the autism spectrum adapting to a change in a 'real-world' context. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(2), 514–526.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smutkeeree, A., Khrautieo, T., Thamseupsilp, S., Srimaneekarn, N., Rirattanapong, P., & Wanpen, W. (2020). The effectiveness of visual pedagogy for toothbrushing in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 10(4), 415–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stein Duker, L. I. (2019). Adapting oral care protocols to support children with sensory sensitivities: Occupational therapy and dentistry. In T. Nelson & J. R. De Bord (Eds.), Dental care for children with special needs: A clinical guide (pp. 77–98). Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Stein Duker, L. I., Florindez, L. I., Como, D. H., Tran, C. F., Henwood, B. F., Polido, J. C., & Cermak, S. A. (2019). Strategies for success: A qualitative study of caregiver and dentist approaches to improving oral care for children with autism. Pediatric Dentistry, 41(1), 4E–12E.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Stein Duker, L. I., Henwood, B. F., Bluthenthal, R. N., Juhlin, E., Policy, J. C., & Cermak, S. A. (2017). Caregivers’ perceptions of dental care challenges in male children with autism spectrum disorder: An initial qualitative exploration. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorder, 39, 63–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, L. I., Lane, C. J., Williams, M. E., Dawson, M. E., Polido, J. C., & Cermak, S. A. (2014). Physiological and behavioral stress and anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorders during routine oral care. BioMed Research International, 2014, 694876.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, L. I., Polido, J. C., & Cermak, S. A. (2013). Oral care and sensory over-responsivity in children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatric Dentistry, 35, 230–235.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, L. I., Polido, J. C., Najera, S. O., & Cermak, S. A. (2012). Oral care experiences and challenges in children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatric Dentistry, 34(5), 387–391.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, L. I., Polido, J. C., Mailloux, Z., Coleman, G. G., & Cermak, S. A. (2011). Oral care and sensory sensitivities in children with autism spectrum disorders. Special Care in Dentistry, 31(3), 102–110.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suresh, L. R., & George, C. (2019). Virtual reality distraction on dental anxiety and behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, 12(3), 1004–1010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sylvetsky, A. C., & Rother, K. I. (2018). Nonnutritive sweeteners in weight management and chronic disease: A review. Obesity, 26(4), 635–640.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taneja, N., & Litt, M. D. (2020). Caregivers' barriers to dental care for children with ASD spectrum disorder. Journal of Dentistry for Children, 87(2), 98–102.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, N., Blake, S., Morris, C., & Moles, D. R. (2017). Autism and primary care dentistry: Caregivers’ experiences of taking children with autism or working diagnosis of autism for dental examinations. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 28(2), 226–238.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vos, M. B., Kaar, J. L., Welsh, J. A., Van Horn, L. V., Feig, D. I., Anderson, C. A. M., Patel, M. J., Cruz Munos, J., Krebs, N. F., Xanthakos, S. A., Johnson, R. K., & American Heart Association Nutrition Committee of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology; and Council on Hypertension. (2017). Added sugars and cardiovascular disease risk in children: A scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation, 135(19), e1017–e1034.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wickstrom, J., Dell’Armo, K., Salzman, E., Hooker, J. L., Delehanty, A., Bishop, S., Tassé, M. J., Wetherby, A. M., Piergies, A. M.H., Damiano, D., Rauch, A., & Thurm, A. (2021). Systematic review: Recommendations for rehabilitation in ASD and ID from clinical practice guidelines. Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation, 3(3), 100140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arrct.2021.100140

  • Wolff, A., Joshi, R. K., Ekström, J., Aframian, D., Pedersen, A. M. L., Proctor, G., … Dawes, C. (2017). A guide to medications inducing salivary gland dysfunction, xerostomia, and subjective sialorrhea: A systematic review sponsored by the world workshop on oral medicine VI. Drugs in R&D, 17(1), 1–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, N. J., Lin, Z., Villarosa, A., & George, A. (2019). Oral health status and reported oral health problems in people with intellectual disability: A literature review. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 44(3), 292–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yost, Q., Nelson, T., Sheller, B., McKinney, C. M., Tressel, W., & Chim, A. N. (2019). Children with autism spectrum disorder are able to maintain dental skills: a two-year case review of desensitization treatment. Pediatric Dentistry., 41(5), 397–403.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Lin, L., Liu, J., Shi, L., & Lu, J. (2020). Dental caries status in autistic children: A meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(4), 1249–1257.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler, J., & Spivack, E. (2018). Nutritional and dental issues in patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 149(4), 317–321.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, N., Wong, H. M., Wen, Y. F., & McGrath, C. (2017). Oral health status of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 59(10), 1019–1026.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Donald L. Chi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chi, D.L., Stein Duker, L. (2022). Oral Health Treatment Planning: Dental Disease Prevention and Oral Health Promotion for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Disabilities. In: McPherson, P. (eds) Handbook of Treatment Planning for Children with Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06120-2_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics