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Other Worlds in the Cosmos: From Philosophy to Scientific Reality

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Abstract

Are there other Worlds in the universe? Does life exist elsewhere in the cosmos? The technology of our time has made it possible to transform this dream of antiquity into a fascinating field of current astrophysics. Twenty-five years after the discovery of a first planet orbiting a star like our sun, a few thousand planetary systems have been discovered. These first discoveries revealed to us the astonishing diversity of these systems, very different from our solar system: orbital periods of a few hours, ocean planets, rocky planets, or gas giants with sometimes retrograde orbits, etc. After the euphoria of these first discoveries, the era of studying the atmospheres of exoplanets is now beginning. Fascinating, despite the enormous contrast between the luminosity of the star and that very weak light, reflected by the planet, the analysis of the atmospheres begins and will benefit from space telescopes and giant telescopes on the ground (up to diameters of 39 m). Does life exist in other places in the cosmos?—Vertiginous question—. The analysis of planetary atmospheres may reveal biosignatures, these spectral characteristics induced by the development of life. Advances in spectroscopy studies of exoplanets make us think that the search for extraterrestrial life is possible.

Do there exist many worlds, or is there but a single world? This is one of the most noble and exalted questions in the study of Nature.

Albertus Magnus (circa 1200–1280)

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The term core accretion is sometimes used in a more restricted sense for the formation of giant planets only [87, 88]. Here we use it to describe the entire bottom-up growth process starting from tiny solids (dust).

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Acknowledgements

This work has been carried out in the frame of the National Centre for Competence in Research PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève, Ch. Pegasi 51b, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland

    Michel Mayor, Emeline Bolmont, Vincent Bourrier & David Ehrenreich

  2. Space Research & Planetary Sciences Division, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland

    Christoph Mordasini

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  2. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

    Paola Catapano

  3. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

    Cristiano Galbiati

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    Enrico Magnani

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Mayor, M., Bolmont, E., Bourrier, V., Ehrenreich, D., Mordasini, C. (2022). Other Worlds in the Cosmos: From Philosophy to Scientific Reality. In: Streit-Bianchi, M., Catapano, P., Galbiati, C., Magnani, E. (eds) Advances in Cosmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05625-3_17

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