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BASE—Testing Fundamental Symmetries by High Precision Comparisons of the Properties of Antiprotons and Protons

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Abstract

This chapter reviews the experimental activities of the BASE collaboration at CERN [1], which operates advanced Penning trap systems to compare the fundamental properties of single protons and antiprotons with high precision [2,3,4]. Such measurements provide stringent tests of charge, parity, time (CPT) reversal invariance, which is the most fundamental symmetry in the standard model of particle physics [5]. CPT invariance has been tested with high sensitivity in very different sectors [6], and so far no indications for a violation have been found. In contrast, the non-observation of primordial antimatter and the matter excess in our Universe are a tremendous challenge for the Standard Model, since the tiny amount of CP-violation contained in the Standard Model is insufficient to reproduce the matter content by more than eight orders of magnitude [7]. Other activities of the BASE collaboration include contributions to searches for axions and axion like particles, light spinless bosons (\(m_a \ll 1~\text {eV}/c^2\)) originally proposed to resolve the strong CP problem of quantum chromodynamics. In recent work BASE investigated asymmetric couplings of dark-matter particles to fermions and antifermions [8], and used superconducting resonant single particle detection circuits in strong magnetic fields, to set, in a narrow mass range, competitive limits on the coupling of ALPs to photons [9].

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Acknowledgements

I acknowledge technical support by CERN, especially the Antiproton Decelerator operation group, CERN’s cryolab team and engineering department, and all other CERN groups which provide support to Antiproton Decelerator experiments. In addition I acknowledge financial support by RIKEN, the RIKEN EEE pioneering project funding, the Max-Planck Society, and the Max-Planck, RIKEN, PTB-Center for Time, Constants, and Fundamental Symmetries (C-TCFS). I would like to express my deepest gratitude towards the entire BASE team for all the dedicated work and creativity put into the project. In particular I would like to thank Klaus Blaum, collaborator at BASE and director of the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physis, Heidelberg, and Yasunorik Yamazaki, Chief Scientist at RIKEN, for their invaluable support, friendship and encouragement. I thank Christian Ospelkaus for support, friendship, trustful collaboration and his future visions, and in particular Christian Smorra for his dedicated contributions to BASE.

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  1. RIKEN, Ulmer Fundamental Symmetries Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan

    Stefan Ulmer

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  1. ARSCIENCIA, Wien, Austria

    Marilena Streit-Bianchi

  2. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

    Paola Catapano

  3. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

    Cristiano Galbiati

  4. Reggio Emilia, Italy

    Enrico Magnani

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Ulmer, S. (2022). BASE—Testing Fundamental Symmetries by High Precision Comparisons of the Properties of Antiprotons and Protons. In: Streit-Bianchi, M., Catapano, P., Galbiati, C., Magnani, E. (eds) Advances in Cosmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05625-3_10

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