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Radioguided Surgery for Head and Neck Cancer

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Nuclear Oncology

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Abstract

Radioguided surgery for head and neck cancer has emerged as an important field of interventional nuclear medicine. Currently, the two most important applications concern sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for cutaneous melanoma and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). An emerging application is SLN biopsy in thyroid cancer. Similar to other anatomic regions, the dynamic concept Guided intraOperative Scintigraphic Tumor Targeting (GOSTT) is also of use for the head and neck, and besides the SLN procedure, the use of local or systemic administered radiotracers has led to gradually integrate interventional nuclear medicine to surgery of radiotagged lesions related to thyroid cancer and parathyroid adenomas. For all these procedures, the successive incorporation of SPECT/CT and PET/CT in the last years has optimized the generation of specific imaging roadmaps to guide head and neck surgery. On the other hand, new technological advances like portable gamma cameras, hybrid tracers integrating radioactivity and fluorescence in one signature with the addition of near-infrared cameras to gamma guidance in the operating room, and tracked image-guided navigation have further reinforced the role of GOSTT and interventional nuclear medicine. In combination with the topographical localization of SLNs following internationally recognized surgical and radiotherapeutic lymph node levels, recent consensus initiatives from nuclear medicine and oncologic organizations have been of considerable help to homogenize approaches and practice of radioguided surgery in the head and neck.

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Abbreviations

AJCC:

American Joint Committee on Cancer

Bq:

Becquerel unit

CT:

X-ray computed tomography

DTC:

Differentiated thyroid cancer

EMA:

European Medicines Agency

[18F]FDG:

2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose

FDA:

United States Food and Drug Administration

FNAC:

Fine-needle aspiration cytology

GOSTT:

Guided intraoperative scintigraphic tumor targeting

H&E:

Hematoxylin and eosin staining

HNM:

Melanoma located in the head and neck

HNSCC:

Squamous cells carcinomas of the head and neck

ICG:

Indocyanine green

LN:

Lymph node

MBq:

Mega-Becquerel (106 Becquerel)

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MTC:

Medullary thyroid cancer

N:

Lymph node status according to the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system

NCCN:

National Comprehensive Cancer Network

OSCC:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PET/CT:

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography

ROLL:

Radioguided occult lesion localization

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

SLN:

Sentinel lymph node

SLNB:

Sentinel lymph node biopsy

SPECT:

Single-photon emission computed tomography

SPECT/CT:

Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography

T:

Tumor status according to the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system

TNM:

AJCC/UICC staging system based on parameters “T” (tumor status), “N” (lymph node status), and “M” (distant metastasis status)

UICC:

Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (International Union Against Cancer)

US:

Ultrasonography

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine Section and Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Renato A. Valdés Olmos

  2. Nuclear Medicine Unit, “Maggiore della Carità” University Hospital, Novara, Italy

    Federica Orsini & Erinda Puta

  3. Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Sergi Vidal-Sicart

  4. Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria

    Francesco Giammarile

  5. Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France

    Francesco Giammarile

  6. Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Giuliano Mariani

  7. Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy

    Federica Orsini

  8. Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain

    Sergi Vidal-Sicart

Authors
  1. Renato A. Valdés Olmos
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  2. Federica Orsini
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  3. Erinda Puta
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  4. Sergi Vidal-Sicart
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  5. Francesco Giammarile
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  6. Giuliano Mariani
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Renato A. Valdés Olmos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine Unit Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Duccio Volterrani

  2. Nuclear Medicine Unit Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Paola A. Erba

  3. Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    H. William Strauss

  4. Nuclear Medicine Unit Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Giuliano Mariani

  5. Molecular Imaging and Targeted Therapy Service Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA

    Steven M. Larson

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Valdés Olmos, R.A., Orsini, F., Puta, E., Vidal-Sicart, S., Giammarile, F., Mariani, G. (2022). Radioguided Surgery for Head and Neck Cancer. In: Volterrani, D., Erba, P.A., Strauss, H.W., Mariani, G., Larson, S.M. (eds) Nuclear Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05494-5_54

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05494-5_54

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