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Recent Landscape Change in Somalia Monitored Through the Use of Repeat Photography

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Landscapes and Landforms of the Horn of Africa

Part of the book series: World Geomorphological Landscapes ((WGLC))

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Abstract

Using archival vertical and oblique aerial photography (1945–68) and thematic maps, we present observations on landscape change in Somalia, on the Juba and Shabelle River Inter-Riverine, along the coastal sand belt, and among the vegetation arcs and landscapes of the north. Our work does not cover all of Somalia but presents case studies, based on our work in agricultural development, food security and conservation projects that, in the Inter-Riverine area, the authors worked on in the 1980s. We also examine changes in Somaliland and Puntland, repeating Trimetrogon photography of vegetation arcs and desert scenes and photography from a USAID project. The online grey literature archives of WOSSAC at Cranfield University and FAO-SWALIM have provided legacy materials, and Google Earth has been central in making repeats, where one cannot go on the ground today. Google Earth can be adopted as a useful and free tool to make meaningful repeat shots of older oblique aerial photography as a monitoring tool in change detection. Conclusions are drawn on each study, and proposals are made for future investigations to follow up on the assessments and make a more systematic use of the archival aerial photography.

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Acknowledgements

Munro dedicates this work to the efforts of colleagues at Hunting Technical Services (HTS) and Sir M MacDonald and Partners (MMP) who from mid-1960s to mid-80s, produced many of the key and fine agricultural development planning studies on Somalia: from HTS, Peter Humphreys†, Robin James, Rodney Tucker, Robin Goodyear, Harry Piper†, Fred Collier and Aviator/Ecologist Murray Watson†; from MMP: engineers, Mostyn Morgan, Peter Bray†, Berry Kenny, Mark Brett, Mike Pollitzer, Peter Drury†, Colin Fielder†; and all local staff (1980–85). Thanks also to Peter Whiteman in Tigrai 1975; Jon E. Kalb† in Addis Ababa, 1972–75; ornithologists John and Jonquil Ash†, Mogadishu 1985; FAO hydrologists Harry Underhill† in Rome and Brian Gemmell in Mogadishu, 1981; rainfed farmers Andrew Macpherson and Chris Gardner in Somalia, 1985; LRDC tsetse project ecologist Eric Trump†, Mogadishu, 1985; Hilary and Maggie Currey†, Juba Sugar, 1985. In 2019–20 thanks are due to: George Brook (Center for Archaeological Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens) and Keith Braithwaite (Glasgow) for information; Kevin MacLaren (NCAP, Edinburgh) for Somalia AP cover; Brian W. Kerr and Ian C. Baillie (WOSSAC, Cranfield Univ.) for grey literature assistance; Martin Williams (Adelaide Univ.) on Juba memories; Antje Kuepper (GAF AG, Munich) for status of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service; Lucy McCann (Archivist, Bodleian Library, Oxford) for information on their AP holdings: the Royal Geographical Society for permission to reprint the 1945 USAF Trimetrogon photograph, shown in Photo 5, from Geographical Journal (1950); Keith J. Virgo†, Fred W Collier and Gordon Page for Somali memories; Hanne Kusserow, Seppe Deckers, Jean Poesen and Paolo Paron gave support; Dr Bill Adams (Geography, Cambridge) is thanked for a critical reading of a draft; sincere thanks to Gordon Petrie† (Glasgow) who provided details of the Italian mapping, his own work in Somaliland in 1950s and commented on a draft shortly before his death in April 2020.

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  1. Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia

    Robert Neil Munro

  2. Ethiopian Geospatial Information Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Robert Neil Munro

  3. Wetlands International, Wageningen, Netherlands

    F. Jane Madgwick

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    Paolo Billi

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Munro, R.N., Madgwick, F.J. (2022). Recent Landscape Change in Somalia Monitored Through the Use of Repeat Photography. In: Billi, P. (eds) Landscapes and Landforms of the Horn of Africa. World Geomorphological Landscapes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05487-7_14

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