Skip to main content

Self-Harm and Cannabis Use

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cannabis in Psychiatric Practice

Part of the book series: Psychiatry Update ((PU,volume 3))

  • 448 Accesses

Abstract

A common misperception about cannabis use is that it is no more dangerous than alcohol. Legally acquired recreational cannabis in particular is often viewed as safe. However, many studies suggest an association between self-harm and cannabis use although this is a complicated relationship with numerous moderating variables and confounds. This chapter reviews the literature on this topic, noting that it is almost exclusively correlational in nature, and even studies using similar methodologies have disparate findings. Despite this, there are convincing findings that suggest psychiatrists and other mental health providers should be aware of the potential relationship between cannabis use and self-harm, as its use may make some uses more impulsive. Data from suicides in Colorado are reviewed, indicating a significant increase in those positive for cannabis at the time of death after recreational cannabis became legal. Recommendations about treatment approaches are made.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Drapeau CW, McIntosh JL. U.S.A. suicide: 2019 official final data. Washington, DC: American Association of Suicidology; 2020. wwwsuicidologyorg. Acessed 1 March 2021.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Olfson M, Blanco C, Wall M, Liu S-M, Saha TD, Pickering RP, et al. National trends in suicide attempts among adults in the United States. JAMA Psychiat. 2017;74(11):1095–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Baldessarini RJ. Epidemiology of suicide: recent developments. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2020;29:e71. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796019000672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Padmanathan P, Hall K, Moran P, Jones HE, Gunnell D, Carlisle V, et al. Prevention of suicide and reduction of self-harm among people with substance use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Compr Psychiatry. 2020;96:152135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152135.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ferrari AJ, Norman RE, Freedman G, Baxter AJ, Pirkis JE, Harris MG, et al. The burden attributable to mental and substance use disorders as risk factors for suicide: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e91936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091936.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Carliner H, Brown QL, Sarvet AL, Hasin DS. Cannabis use, attitudes, and legal status in the U.S.: a review. Prev Med. 2017;104:13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.07.008.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Fataar F, Goodman S, Wadsworth E, Hammond D. Consumer perceptions of ‘legal’ and ‘illegal’ cannabis in US states with legal cannabis sales. Addict Behav. 2021;112:106563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106563.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Kedzior KK, Laeber LT. A positive association between anxiety disorders and cannabis use or cannabis use disorders in the general population-a meta-analysis of 31 studies. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14(1):1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Gobbi G, Atkin T, Zytynski T, Wang S, Askari S, Boruff J, et al. Association of cannabis use in adolescence and risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in young adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiat. 2019;76(4):426–34. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Manrique-Garcia E, Zammit S, Dalman C, Hemmingsson T, Allebeck P. Cannabis use and depression: a longitudinal study of a national cohort of Swedish conscripts. BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12(1):112. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-112.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Price C, Hemmingsson T, Lewis G, Zammit S, Allebeck P. Cannabis and suicide: longitudinal study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;195(6):492–7. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.065227.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Pedersen W. Does cannabis use lead to depression and suicidal behaviours? A population-based longitudinal study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2008;118(5):395–403.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Borges G, Bagge CL, Orozco R. A literature review and meta-analyses of cannabis use and suicidality. J Affect Disord. 2016;195:63–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Beautrais AL, Joyce PR, Mulder RT. Cannabis abuse and serious suicide attempts. Addiction. 1999;94(8):1155–64. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.94811555.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Van Ours JC, Williams J, Fergusson D, Horwood LJ. Cannabis use and suicidal ideation. J Health Econ. 2013;32(3):524–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ahsaini M, Tazi F, Khalouk A, Lahlaidi K, Bouazzaoui A, Stuurman-Wieringa RE, et al. Bilateral testicular self-castration due to cannabis abuse: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2011;5(1):1–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Delteil C, Sastre C, Piercecchi MD, Faget-Agius C, Deveaux M, Kintz P, et al. Death by self-mutilation after oral cannabis consumption. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2018;30:5–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2017.10.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Escelsior A, Murri MB, Corsini GP, Serafini G, Aguglia A, Zampogna D, et al. Cannabinoid use and self-injurious behaviours: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2021;278:85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Patton DV. A history of United States cannabis law. J Law Health. 2020;34(1):1–29.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Monte AA, Zane RD, Heard KJ. The implications of marijuana legalization in Colorado. JAMA. 2015;313(3):241–2. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.17057.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Matthay EC, Kiang MV, Elser H, Schmidt L, Humphreys K. Evaluation of State Cannabis Laws and Rates of self-harm and assault. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(3):e211955.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Reger MA, Stanley IH, Joiner TE. Suicide mortality and coronavirus disease 2019-a perfect storm? JAMA Psychiat. 2020;77(11):1093–4. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1060.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thom Dunn .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Dunn, T. (2022). Self-Harm and Cannabis Use. In: Riggs, P., Thant, T. (eds) Cannabis in Psychiatric Practice. Psychiatry Update, vol 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04874-6_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04874-6_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-04873-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-04874-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics