Abstract
A common misperception about cannabis use is that it is no more dangerous than alcohol. Legally acquired recreational cannabis in particular is often viewed as safe. However, many studies suggest an association between self-harm and cannabis use although this is a complicated relationship with numerous moderating variables and confounds. This chapter reviews the literature on this topic, noting that it is almost exclusively correlational in nature, and even studies using similar methodologies have disparate findings. Despite this, there are convincing findings that suggest psychiatrists and other mental health providers should be aware of the potential relationship between cannabis use and self-harm, as its use may make some uses more impulsive. Data from suicides in Colorado are reviewed, indicating a significant increase in those positive for cannabis at the time of death after recreational cannabis became legal. Recommendations about treatment approaches are made.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Drapeau CW, McIntosh JL. U.S.A. suicide: 2019 official final data. Washington, DC: American Association of Suicidology; 2020. wwwsuicidologyorg. Acessed 1 March 2021.
Olfson M, Blanco C, Wall M, Liu S-M, Saha TD, Pickering RP, et al. National trends in suicide attempts among adults in the United States. JAMA Psychiat. 2017;74(11):1095–103.
Baldessarini RJ. Epidemiology of suicide: recent developments. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2020;29:e71. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796019000672.
Padmanathan P, Hall K, Moran P, Jones HE, Gunnell D, Carlisle V, et al. Prevention of suicide and reduction of self-harm among people with substance use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Compr Psychiatry. 2020;96:152135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152135.
Ferrari AJ, Norman RE, Freedman G, Baxter AJ, Pirkis JE, Harris MG, et al. The burden attributable to mental and substance use disorders as risk factors for suicide: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e91936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091936.
Carliner H, Brown QL, Sarvet AL, Hasin DS. Cannabis use, attitudes, and legal status in the U.S.: a review. Prev Med. 2017;104:13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.07.008.
Fataar F, Goodman S, Wadsworth E, Hammond D. Consumer perceptions of ‘legal’ and ‘illegal’ cannabis in US states with legal cannabis sales. Addict Behav. 2021;112:106563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106563.
Kedzior KK, Laeber LT. A positive association between anxiety disorders and cannabis use or cannabis use disorders in the general population-a meta-analysis of 31 studies. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14(1):1–22.
Gobbi G, Atkin T, Zytynski T, Wang S, Askari S, Boruff J, et al. Association of cannabis use in adolescence and risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in young adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiat. 2019;76(4):426–34. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4500.
Manrique-Garcia E, Zammit S, Dalman C, Hemmingsson T, Allebeck P. Cannabis use and depression: a longitudinal study of a national cohort of Swedish conscripts. BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12(1):112. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-112.
Price C, Hemmingsson T, Lewis G, Zammit S, Allebeck P. Cannabis and suicide: longitudinal study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;195(6):492–7. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.065227.
Pedersen W. Does cannabis use lead to depression and suicidal behaviours? A population-based longitudinal study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2008;118(5):395–403.
Borges G, Bagge CL, Orozco R. A literature review and meta-analyses of cannabis use and suicidality. J Affect Disord. 2016;195:63–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.007.
Beautrais AL, Joyce PR, Mulder RT. Cannabis abuse and serious suicide attempts. Addiction. 1999;94(8):1155–64. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.94811555.x.
Van Ours JC, Williams J, Fergusson D, Horwood LJ. Cannabis use and suicidal ideation. J Health Econ. 2013;32(3):524–37.
Ahsaini M, Tazi F, Khalouk A, Lahlaidi K, Bouazzaoui A, Stuurman-Wieringa RE, et al. Bilateral testicular self-castration due to cannabis abuse: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2011;5(1):1–4.
Delteil C, Sastre C, Piercecchi MD, Faget-Agius C, Deveaux M, Kintz P, et al. Death by self-mutilation after oral cannabis consumption. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2018;30:5–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2017.10.010.
Escelsior A, Murri MB, Corsini GP, Serafini G, Aguglia A, Zampogna D, et al. Cannabinoid use and self-injurious behaviours: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2021;278:85.
Patton DV. A history of United States cannabis law. J Law Health. 2020;34(1):1–29.
Monte AA, Zane RD, Heard KJ. The implications of marijuana legalization in Colorado. JAMA. 2015;313(3):241–2. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.17057.
Matthay EC, Kiang MV, Elser H, Schmidt L, Humphreys K. Evaluation of State Cannabis Laws and Rates of self-harm and assault. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(3):e211955.
Reger MA, Stanley IH, Joiner TE. Suicide mortality and coronavirus disease 2019-a perfect storm? JAMA Psychiat. 2020;77(11):1093–4. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1060.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dunn, T. (2022). Self-Harm and Cannabis Use. In: Riggs, P., Thant, T. (eds) Cannabis in Psychiatric Practice. Psychiatry Update, vol 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04874-6_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04874-6_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-04873-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-04874-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)