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The Morphoprocess and the Diversity of Evolutionary Mechanisms of Metastable Structures

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Self-Organization as a New Paradigm in Evolutionary Biology

Part of the book series: Evolutionary Biology – New Perspectives on Its Development ((EBNPD,volume 5))

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Abstract

This study is a long-overdue attempt to tackle the complexity of evolutionary problems by mutually complementary conceptual approaches rather than from the standpoint of a single dominating evolutionary hypothesis. As a first step, I identify the major problems preventing a clear understanding of evolutionary mechanisms. They are associated with three “uncertainties” accompanying the analysis of evolutionary phenomena: (1) Terminological ambiguity, bordering on a logical inconsistency, in the construction of evolutionary concepts, (2) The uncertainty of direct observation, associated with the difficulties of documenting the evolutionary process and (3) The uncertainty of applicability, arising from the complex multilevel nature of the living matter. Then I outline a fairly substantial approach to the consideration of living systems. The analysis of the uncertainty of applicability suggests that the most productive approach is to apply the notion of an “evolving system” to systems of the organismic rank, understood as an object–process or a morphoprocess. Such systems (highly integrated metastable structures–processes) are dissipative structures with a cyclic character of implementation. Once we have identified the evolving system, we can determine three different conceptual models of transformism of these structures. Importantly, the delimitation is based on a unique set of their characters rather than an affiliation with a particular historic scientific tradition. These models of microevolution are indirect adaptogenesis, direct adaptogenesis and constructional transformism. The logic of each of them has often been used in various evolutionary concepts in the course of the last two centuries. Finally, I present a general outlook on the diversity of mechanisms of transformism. They fall into two groups: combinatory mechanisms (transformation through combinations) and transformational mechanisms as such (transformation without combination). It is the transformational mechanisms that are encompassed by the three conceptual models mentioned above. It is becoming evident that the evolutionary process is based on mechanisms described by different models. A time has come for a careful examination of various transformistic possibilities and the identification of prevailing and accessory mechanisms. Different groups of organisms/types of morphoprocesses may be characterized by different leading mechanisms of transformism, which may belong to both “combinational” and “transformational” phenomena. We have to consider a broad kit of potential evolutionary tools and try to comprehend evolutionary phenomena at a new level of conceptual synthesis.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Not to be confused with a more abstract term “closure” (Mossio and Bich 2017; Kauffman 2019) denoting mutual dependence of flows of energy and matter (causal regime according to the authors) ensuring the existence of biological structures far from thermodynamic equilibrium.

  2. 2.

    Significantly, it is this feature (understood or intuited) of direct adaptogenesis that made scientists look for additional macroevolutionary mechanisms when constructing holistic concepts based on this logical scheme. These additional conditions were necessary to impart directivity to the evolutionary process, to represent it as a progressive advance. Such were the “gradation principle” of Lamarck (1955), the “principle of perfection” of morphological characters of C. Nägeli (1884, cit. ex. Nazarov 2005) and the “batmism” of E. Cope (1904).

  3. 3.

    Let us note, nevertheless, that all “phylogenetic schemes”, seemingly reconstructing evolutionary events and based on any character basis, are, strictly speaking, simply diagrams of “similarities and differences”. On the contrary, the means of their evolutionary interpretation (evolutionary hypothesis for a given group of organisms as such) would be radically different depending on the assumed model of transformism.

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Acknowledgments

I am eternally grateful to Natalia Lentsman for her creative, thoughtful, generally invaluable contribution to the English translation of the manuscript. This study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) no. 19-14-00321-П.

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  1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Andrei I. Granovitch

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  1. UMR 7194 CNRS “Histoire naturelle de l’Homme préhistorique”, Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris, France

    Anne Dambricourt Malassé

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Granovitch, A.I. (2022). The Morphoprocess and the Diversity of Evolutionary Mechanisms of Metastable Structures. In: Dambricourt Malassé, A. (eds) Self-Organization as a New Paradigm in Evolutionary Biology. Evolutionary Biology – New Perspectives on Its Development, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04783-1_9

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