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4D Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Materials

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Additive Manufacturing

Abstract

Four-dimensional (4D) printing, an innovative extension of three-dimensional (3D) printing, is defined as the additive manufacturing technology of intelligent components with controllable stimuli-responsive characteristics. The 4D-printed components can automatically and controllably change their shapes, properties, and/or functionalities with time in response to external stimuli, such as heat, moisture, light, PH, magnetism, and electricity. 4D printing integrates the design of structures’ intelligent behaviors into the fabrication processes, realizing integrated manufacturing of materials, structures, and functionalities. It has aroused worldwide attention in the academic and industrial communities since it was first proposed in 2013. Stimuli-response materials play a critical role in the relation of 4D printing. The stimuli-responsive characteristics of the 4D-printed components mainly depend on the properties of used stimuli-responsive materials and their combination and arrangement in 3D space. However, so far only limited stimuli-responsive materials for 4D printing have been developed, which greatly restricts to tap of the application potential of 4D printing. Thus, stimuli-responsive materials for 4D printing have become the hot and key spots of research in academia and engineering fields. In this chapter, after an introduction of the definition and prospect of 4D printing, the research advances in available stimuli-responsive materials for 4D printing were reviewed in detail in three categories: polymers and their composite materials, metals and their composite materials, and ceramics and their composite materials. This chapter may enhance our understanding of the 4D printing of stimuli-responsive materials and inspire further innovative ideas for the design of materials for 4D printing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Chunze Yan, Xiao Yang & Hongzhi Wu

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  1. Chunze Yan
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  3. Hongzhi Wu
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Correspondence to Chunze Yan .

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  1. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

    Kun Zhou

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Yan, C., Yang, X., Wu, H. (2023). 4D Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Materials. In: Zhou, K. (eds) Additive Manufacturing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04721-3_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04721-3_3

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-04720-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-04721-3

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