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Efficiency of Constructed Wetlands and Wastewater Stabilization Ponds for Wastewater Treatment in Northern Algerian Sahara

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Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Hot and Arid Climates

Part of the book series: Wetlands: Ecology, Conservation and Management ((WECM,volume 7))

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Abstract

Algeria is facing for years a real problem of water supply. The burgeoning population, coupled with pollution and inadequate governance arrangements, are leading to the depletion of water resources, and the crisis may worsen in the coming years if nothing is done. To extend the treatment of wastewater by natural systems, several experimental pilots and full-scale wastewater treatment systems have been tested in northern Algerian Sahara such as in Brézina, Temacine and Kef el Doukhan regions. Brézina constructed wetland (CW) is a Hybrid system with horizontal subsurface flow (HSSFCW) and free water surface flow (FWSCW) beds. Temacine CW is an HSSFCW planted with 23 different plant species and macrophytes. The lagoon system of Kef el Doukhan is a wastewater stabilization pond (WSP) designed to treat the wastewater in three phases (preliminary, primary and secondary treatment). The physicochemical analyses of wastewater at the three systems’s outflows revealed that the planted HSSFCW of Temacine was more efficient than the hybrid (HSSF and FWS) CW of Brezina and Kef el Doukhan WSP. Overall, the removal efficiency of TSS, COD, BOD5, P-PO43−, N-NO2 and N-NO3 were higher in Temacine CW. However, relatively low effectiveness for electrical conductivity (EC) removal was observed; EC increased by almost 39% essentially due to the long dry season, high rate of evaporation and naturally high levels of dissolved salts in water. Despite an encouraging efficiency in removing organic contamination (COD, BOD5), TSS, EC, and reducing the total amount of nitrogen and phosphate in the effluents, the values of the physicochemical parameters at the outlet of Brezina CW and Kef el Doukhan WSP exceeded Algerian standards for reuse in irrigation and environmental discharges. To improve their removal efficiency, it is reasonable to provide a tertiary treatment using maturation ponds in Kef el Doukhan WSP and review the design of Brezina CW.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecology and environment department, Khenchela University, Khenchela, Algeria

    Khaled Bouchama

  2. Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria

    Khaled Bouchama

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  1. Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and Management, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece

    Alexandros Stefanakis

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Bouchama, K. (2022). Efficiency of Constructed Wetlands and Wastewater Stabilization Ponds for Wastewater Treatment in Northern Algerian Sahara. In: Stefanakis, A. (eds) Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Hot and Arid Climates. Wetlands: Ecology, Conservation and Management, vol 7. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03600-2_2

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