Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Research and Scholarly Activity During Psychiatry Residency Training

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Graduate Medical Education in Psychiatry

  • 413 Accesses

Abstract

Participation in scholarly activities is an important part of graduate medical education and teaches residents to develop habits of inquiry as a continuing professional responsibility. In this chapter, we review important considerations for designing and integrating scholarly activities in psychiatry residency training and how to increase scholarly productivity of psychiatry residents. We discuss how scholarly output can be measured and the considerations for reporting of scholarly activities to the ACGME. Finally, we outline important considerations for dedicated resident research tracks, which have the goal to provide a structured framework for integrated research and clinical training of emerging physician-scientists in psychiatry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Boyer EL. Scholarship reconsidered: priorities of the professorate. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Simpson D, Yarris LM, Carek PJ. Defining the scholarly and scholarship common program requirements. J Grad Med Educ. 2013;5(4):539–40.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Glassick CE, Huber MT, Meaeroff GI. Scholarship assessed: evaluation of the professoriate. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Simpson D, Meurer L, Braza D. Meeting the scholarly project requirement-application of scholarship criteria beyond research. J Grad Med Educ. 2012;4(1):111–2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Carek PJ, Simpson D, Yarris LM. Comments: authors’ response to letters regarding “defining the scholarly and scholarship common program requirements”. J Grad Med Educ. 2014;6(2):392.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Carek PJ, Jafri A. Promoting scholarly activity in family medicine residency programs: what’s the reward? Ann Fam Med. 2004;2(5):520–1.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Carek PJ, Association of Family Practice Residency D. Integrating scholarly activity into residency training. Ann Fam Med. 2004;2(1):87–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Carek PJ, Dickerson LM, Diaz VA, Steyer TE. Addressing the scholarly activity requirements for residents: one Program’s solution. J Grad Med Educ. 2011;3(3):379–82.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Takahashi O, Ohde S, Jacobs JL, Tokuda Y, Omata F, Fukui T. Residents’ experience of scholarly activities is associated with higher satisfaction with residency training. J Gen Intern Med. 2009;24(6):716–20.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Hebert RS, Levine RB, Smith CG, Wright SM. A systematic review of resident research curricula. Acad Med. 2003;78(1):61–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Burkhardt J, Kowalenko T, Meurer W. Academic career selection in American emergency medicine residents. Acad Emerg Med. 2011;18(Suppl 2):S48–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Byrnes AB, McCormack FX, Diers T, Jazieh AR. The resident scholar program: a research training opportunity for internal medicine house staff. J Cancer Educ. 2007;22(1):47–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kurahara DK, Kogachi K, Yamane M, Ly CL, Foster JH, Masaki-Tesoro T, et al. A pediatric residency research requirement to improve collaborative resident and faculty publication productivity. Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2012;71(8):224–8.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Glassick CE. Boyer’s expanded definitions of scholarship, the standards for assessing scholarship, and the elusiveness of the scholarship of teaching. Acad Med. 2000;75(9):877–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. ACGME Program Requirements for Graduate Medical Education in Psychiatry https://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/PFAssets/ProgramRequirements/400_Psychiatry_2021.pdf?ver=2021-06-15-161510-003: ACGME; [updated 07/01/2021.

  16. Abramson EL, DiPace JI, Loughlin GM. Scholarly activity training during residency: ensuring a meaningful experience for all graduates. J Pediatr. 2018;201(5–7):e3.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wood W, McCollum J, Kukreja P, Vetter IL, Morgan CJ, Hossein Zadeh Maleki A, et al. Graduate medical education scholarly activities initiatives: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18(1):318.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Arora V, Bell PF, Hagberg S. Cultivating change: engaging residents in research. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2020;55(5):376–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Crownover B, Crawford PF. Areas of concentration increase scholarly activity: a 15-month experience. Fam Med. 2008;40(2):87–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Abramson EL, Naifeh MM, Stevenson MD, Mauer E, Hammad HT, Gerber LM, et al. Scholarly activity training during residency: are we hitting the mark? A national assessment of pediatric residents. Acad Pediatr. 2018;18(5):542–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Simasek M, Ballard SL, Phelps P, Pingul-Ravano R, Kolb NR, Finkelstein A, et al. Meeting resident scholarly activity requirements through a longitudinal quality improvement curriculum. J Grad Med Educ. 2015;7(1):86–90.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Regan L, Stahmer S, Nyce A, Nelson BP, Moscati R, Gisondi MA, et al. Scholarly tracks in emergency medicine. Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17(Suppl 2):S87–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Jordan J, Hwang M, Kaji AH, Coates WC. Scholarly tracks in emergency medicine residency programs are associated with increased choice of academic career. West J Emerg Med. 2018;19(3):593–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Doman ER, Abdo MS, Boyce DSK, Desmond DH, Roswarski JL, Hostler DC. Improvement of resident scholarship in an internal medicine training program. J Gen Intern Med. 2022;37:274.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Corser W, Church B, Rohrer J, Hortos K. The statewide campus system scholarly activity developmental planning framework for community-based GME leaders. Spartan Med Res J. 2018;3(1):6521.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Barajaz M, Turner T. Starting a new residency program: a step-by-step guide for institutions, hospitals, and program directors. Med Educ Online. 2016;21:32271.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Sciarretta JD, Atchison CD, Onayemi AO, Davis JM. Starting line for scholarly activity in new residency programs: lessons learned for institutional success. J Surg Res. 2019;239:136–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Beasley BW, Scrase DR, Schultz HJ. Determining the predictors of internal medicine residency accreditation: what they do (not what they say). Acad Med. 2002;77(3):238–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Levine RB, Hebert RS, Wright SM. Resident research and scholarly activity in internal medicine residency training programs. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(2):155–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Alguire PC, Anderson WA, Albrecht RR, Poland GA. Resident research in internal medicine training programs. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124(3):321–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Emerick T, Metro D, Patel R, Sakai T. Scholarly activity points: a new tool to evaluate resident scholarly productivity. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(3):468–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Seehusen DA, Asplund CA, Friedman M. A point system for resident scholarly activity. Fam Med. 2009;41(7):467–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Seehusen DA, Ledford CJ, Grogan S, Kim E, Johnson JJ, Stackle ME, et al. A point system as catalyst to increase resident scholarship: an MPCRN study. Fam Med. 2017;49(3):222–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Ledford CJ, Seehusen DA, Villagran MM, Cafferty LA, Childress MA. Resident scholarship expectations and experiences: sources of uncertainty as barriers to success. J Grad Med Educ. 2013;5(4):564–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Balon R, Stromberg N. Observations: will the ACGME faculty scholarly activity requirements promote dishonesty among program directors? J Grad Med Educ. 2015;7(2):299.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Johnston NS, Martinez AV, Schillerstrom JE, Luber MP, Hamaoka DA. Quantifying publication scholarly activity of psychiatry residency training directors. Acad Psychiatry. 2015;39(1):76–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Hermann G, Xi AS, Stevens B, Goyal N. Reducing errors in reporting scholarly activity to the ACGME: the annual update scholarly activity monitoring tool. J Grad Med Educ. 2016;8(3):447–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Himelhoch S, Edwards S, Ehrenreich M, Luber MP. Teaching lifelong research skills in residency: implementation and outcome of a systematic review and meta-analysis course. J Grad Med Educ. 2015;7(3):445–50.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Potti A, Mariani P, Saeed M, Smego RA Jr. Residents as researchers: expectations, requirements, and productivity. Am J Med. 2003;115(6):510–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Ullrich N, Botelho CA, Hibberd P, Bernstein HH. Research during pediatric residency: predictors and resident-determined influences. Acad Med. 2003;78(12):1253–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Kichler K, Kozol R, Buicko J, Lesnikoski B, Tamariz L, Palacio A. A structured step-by-step program to increase scholarly activity. J Surg Educ. 2014;71(6):e19–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Becker D, Garth H, Hollander R, Klein F, Klau M. Understanding faculty and trainee needs related to scholarly activity in a large, Nonuniversity Graduate Medical Education Program. Permanente J. 2017;21:16.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Mulderig J, Sansone RA, Fine MA. Psychiatry residents’ attitudes toward personal involvement in research. Acad Psychiatry. 1992;16(2):96–102.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Shanmugalingam A, Ferreria SG, Norman RM, Vasudev K. Research experience in psychiatry residency programs across Canada: current status. Can J Psychiatr. 2014;59(11):586–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Das SU, Bar-On ME. Innovative strategies to increase resident scholarly activity and engage faculty support. J Investig Med. 2018;66(1):e2–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. MacMaster FP, Cohen J, Waheed W, Magaud E, Sembo M, Langevin LM, et al. The psychiatry resident research experience. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9(1):486.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Koo J, Bains J, Collins MB, Dharamsi S. Residency research requirements and the CanMEDS-FM scholar role: perspectives of residents and recent graduates. Can Fam Physician. 2012;58(6):e330–6.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Wisniewski SJ, Corser WD. Common problematic scholarly activity project planning expectations of project novices. Spartan Med Res J. 2021;6(1):21274.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Abramson EL, Naifeh MM, Stevenson MD, Mauer E, Gerber LM, Li ST, et al. Scholarly activity training during pediatric residency: how well aligned are program directors and residents? Acad Pediatr. 2020;20(7):998–1006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Tien-Estrada J, Vieira A, Percy V, Millar K, Tam H, Russell K, et al. Determinants of scholarly project completion in a paediatric resident program in Canada. Paediatr Child Health. 2019;24(2):e98–e103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Villwock JA, Hamill CS, Nicholas BD, Ryan JT. Otolaryngology residency program research resources and scholarly productivity. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;156(6):1119–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Wolfe J, Wolfe J, Smith K, Yoho R, Vardaxis V. A strategic plan for increasing scholarly activity among medical students, residents, and faculty. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2018;108(4):292–303.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Helling TS, Dumire RD, Augustosky K. Incentives for scholarly activity at university and independent general surgery residencies: current practices. Am J Surg. 2009;197(3):360–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Carmody KA. An academic relative value unit system: do transparency, consensus, and accountability work? West J Emerg Med. 2019;20(6):939–47.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Manring MM, Panzo JA, Mayerson JL. A framework for improving resident research participation and scholarly output. J Surg Educ. 2014;71(1):8–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Stevenson MD, Smigielski EM, Naifeh MM, Abramson EL, Todd C, Li ST. Increasing scholarly activity productivity during residency: a systematic review. Acad Med. 2017;92(2):250–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Waheed A, Nasir M, Azhar E. Development of a culture of scholarship: the impact of a structured roadmap for scholarly activity in family medicine residency program. Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7153.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Lennon RP, Fuentes RWC, Broszko C, Koch JJ, Sanchack K, Keck JW. A curriculum to increase resident scholarly activity. Fam Med. 2020;52(8):557–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Seales SM, Lennon RP, Sanchack K, Smith DK. Sustainable curriculum to increase scholarly activity in a family medicine residency. Fam Med. 2019;51(3):271–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Hoedebecke K, Rerucha C, Runser L. Increase in residency scholarly activity as a result of resident-led initiative. Fam Med. 2014;46(4):288–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Aftab A, Lackamp J, Cerny C. Measuring perceived educational impact of a resident-led research newsletter. Acad Psychiatry. 2017;41(3):373–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Chang CD, Mills JC. Effects of a reward system on resident research productivity. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;139(12):1285–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Borman-Shoap EC, Zhang L, Pitt MB. Longitudinal experience with a transparent weighted lottery system to incentivize resident scholarship. J Grad Med Educ. 2018;10(4):455–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Bhat V, Leong K, Lee J, Voineskos D, Daskalakis ZJ, Lam RW, et al. Research-track programs for residents in psychiatry: a review of literature and a report of 3 Canadian experiences. Can J Psychiatr. 2014;59(5):268–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Arbuckle MR, Luo SX, Pincus HA, Gordon JA, Chung JY, Chavez M, et al. Trends in MD/PhD graduates entering psychiatry: assessing the physician-scientist pipeline. Acad Psychiatry. 2018;42(3):346–53.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Yager J, Greden J, Abrams M, Riba M. The Institute of Medicine’s report on Research Training in Psychiatry Residency: Strategies for Reform--background, results, and follow up. Acad Psychiatry. 2004;28(4):267–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Kupfer DJ, Hyman SE, Schatzberg AF, Pincus HA, Reynolds CF 3rd. Recruiting and retaining future generations of physician scientists in mental health. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59(7):657–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Costello JR, Mullins ME, Votaw JR, Karolyi DR, Kalb B, Gonzales P, et al. Establishing a new radiology residency research track. Acad Radiol. 2013;20(2):243–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Fischer JL, Cation LJ. Impact of a residency research program on research activity, faculty involvement, and institutional cost. Teach Learn Med. 2005;17(2):159–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Arbuckle MR, Gordon JA, Pincus HA, Oquendo MA. Bridging the gap: supporting translational research careers through an integrated research track within residency training. Acad Med. 2013;88(6):759–65.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Blacker CJ, Morgan RJ. Research tracks during psychiatry residency training. Acad Psychiatry. 2018;42(5):698–704.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Laliberte V, Rapoport MJ, Andrew M, Davidson M, Rej S. Career interests of Canadian psychiatry residents: what makes residents choose a research career? Can J Psychiatr. 2016;61(2):86–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Eisenberg L. Research training in psychiatry residency: strategies for reform. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(10):1930–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Abrams MT, Patchan K, Boat TF, editors. Research training in psychiatry residency: strategies for reform. Washington (DC); 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Back SE, Book SW, Santos AB, Brady KT. Training physician-scientists: a model for integrating research into psychiatric residency. Acad Psychiatry. 2011;35(1):40–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Tsai AC, Ordonez AE, Reus VI, Mathews CA. Eleven-year outcomes from an integrated residency program to train research psychiatrists. Acad Med. 2013;88(7):983–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Roane DM, Inan E, Haeri S, Galynker II. Ensuring research competency in psychiatric residency training. Acad Psychiatry. 2009;33(3):215–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Gilbert AR, Tew JD Jr, Reynolds CF 3rd, Pincus HA, Ryan N, Nash K, et al. A developmental model for enhancing research training during psychiatry residency. Acad Psychiatry. 2006;30(1):55–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Hamann KL, Fancher TL, Saint S, Henderson MC. Clinical research during internal medicine residency: a practical guide. Am J Med. 2006;119(3):277–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Posporelis S, Sawa A, Smith GS, Stitzer ML, Lyketsos CG, Chisolm MS. Promoting careers in academic research to psychiatry residents. Acad Psychiatry. 2014;38(2):185–90.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  81. Silberman EK, Belitsky R, Bernstein CA, Cabaniss DL, Crisp-Han H, Dickstein LJ, et al. Recruiting researchers in psychiatry: the influence of residency vs. early motivation. Acad Psychiatry. 2012;36(2):85–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Hall AK, Mills SL, Lund PK. Clinician-investigator training and the need to pilot new approaches to recruiting and retaining this workforce. Acad Med. 2017;92(10):1382–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. Lee LS, Pusek SN, McCormack WT, Helitzer DL, Martina CA, Dozier AM, et al. Clinical and translational scientist career success: metrics for evaluation. Clin Transl Sci. 2012;5(5):400–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Nina Vanessa Kraguljac, Irena Bukelis & Soumya Sivaraman

Authors
  1. Nina Vanessa Kraguljac
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Irena Bukelis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Soumya Sivaraman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nina Vanessa Kraguljac .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Matthew Macaluso

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA

    L. Joy Houston

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA

    J. Mark Kinzie

  4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Deborah S. Cowley

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kraguljac, N.V., Bukelis, I., Sivaraman, S. (2022). Research and Scholarly Activity During Psychiatry Residency Training. In: Macaluso, M., Houston, L.J., Kinzie, J.M., Cowley, D.S. (eds) Graduate Medical Education in Psychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00836-8_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00836-8_26

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-00835-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-00836-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation