Skip to main content

Problem-Based Flipped Learning in Higher Education

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Digital Teaching and Learning in Higher Education
  • 285 Accesses

Abstract

Flipped learning has been implemented to improve the pedagogy of higher education, integrating online learning with face-to-face learning. This study intends to enhance student-centered learning activities of flipped learning by applying the strategies of problem-based learning. Problem-based flipped learning (PFL) can help students to seamlessly participate in authentic problem-solving activities in both online and face-to-face learning environments. In this study, PFL was carried out in a large-size undergraduate course (n = 77). Interviews were conducted with eight students, and the log data of all participants, which were collected from the online learning platform, were analyzed in regard to PFL learning process. This study found that PFL enabled students to actively engage in learning by solving a problem, which led to positive perceptions of learning process and outcomes. Students were motivated by authentic problems closely related to their future career, and they made efforts to use video lectures to solve a problem, not to merely memorize the content of video lectures. In addition, collaborative problem-solving helped students to share diverse perspectives on a problem, which enhanced students’ motivation and deeper understanding. This study also identified a few challenges that were influenced by diversity in a large-size course and the lack of students’ experience of student-centered learning. To enhance the effectiveness of PFL, instructors should transform the culture of education and provide adaptive supports to students who lack self-regulated learning and collaborative learning competencies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Al‐Zahrani, Abdulrahman M. 2015. “From Passive to Active: The Impact of the Flipped Classroom through Social Learning Platforms on Higher Education Students’ Creative Thinking.” British Journal of Educational Technology 46 (6): 1133–1148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • AlJarrah, Abeer, Michael K. Thomas, and Mohamed Shehab. 2018. “Investigating Temporal Access in a Flipped Classroom: Procrastination Persists.” International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 15 (1): 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bendixen, Lisa D. and Deanna C. Rule. 2004. “An Integrative Approach to Personal Epistemology: A Guiding Model.” Educational Psychologist 39 (1): 69–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann, Jonathan and Aaron Sams. 2009. “Remixing Chemistry Class: Two Colorado Teachers Make Vodcasts of Their Lectures to Free Up Class Time for Hands-on Activities.” Learning & Leading with Technology 36 (4): 22–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2012. Flip Your Classroom: Reach Every Student in Every Class Every Day. Eugene, OR: International Society for Technology in Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bitter, Catherine and Emily Loney. 2015. “Deeper Learning: Improving Student Outcomes for College, Career, and Civic Life. Policy Brief.” Education Policy Center at American Institutes for Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, John Seely, Allan Collins, and Paul Duguid. 1989. “Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning.” Educational Researcher 18 (1): 32–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Çakıroğlu, Ünal and Mücahit Öztürk. 2017. “Flipped Classroom with Problem Based Activities: Exploring Self-Regulated Learning in a Programming Language Course.” Journal of Educational Technology & Society 20 (1): 337–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carey, Susan, Risa Evans, Maya Honda, Eileen Jay, and Christopher Unger. 1989. “An Experiment Is When You Try it and See if it Works’: A Study of Grade 7 Students’ Understanding of the Construction of Scientific Knowledge.” International Journal of Science Education 11 (5): 514–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cha, Min-Jung, Chang-Min Kim, Hye-Jeong Kwon, Hyung-Dae Cho, Joo-Young Lee, Soo-Jeong Jeong, Eunah Park, et al. 2010. “A Development of Learner Participation Scale in Instruction.” The Korean Journal of Educational Methodology Studies 22 (1): 195–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiang, Tosti Hsu-Cheng. 2017. “Analysis of Learning Behavior in a Flipped Programing Classroom Adopting Problem-Solving Strategies.” Interactive Learning Environments 25 (2): 189–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, Kyoo Lak. 2003. “The Effects of the Types of Argumentation Scaffolds and Problems on the Quality of Argumentation, Problem Solving Achievement, and Group Effectiveness.” Journal of Educational Technology 13 (3): 55–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, Boram and Jeongmin Lee. 2018. “A Meta Analysis on Effects of Flipped Learning in Korea.” Journal of Digital Convergence 16 (3): 59–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cho, Young Hoan, Jaejin Lee, and David H. Jonassen. 2011. “The Role of Tasks and Epistemological Beliefs in Online Peer Questioning.” Computers & Education 56 (1): 112–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, Young Hoan, Su Yon Yim, and Sunhee Paik. 2015. “Physical and Social Presence in 3D Virtual Role-Play for Pre-Service Teachers.” The Internet and Higher Education 25: 70–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi, Jeong-Im. 2004. “A Study on the Problem Design Principle for Problem-Based Learning through the Case Analysis.” Journal of Educational Technology 20 (1): 37–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chua, B. L., O. S. Tan, and W. C. Liu. 2016. “Journey into the Problem-Solving Process: Cognitive Functions in a PBL Environment.” Innovations in Education and Teaching International 53 (2): 191–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cialdini, Robert B. and Noah J. Goldstein. 2004. “Social Influence: Compliance and Conformity.” Annual Review of Psychology 55: 591–621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dochy, Filip, Mien Segers, Piet Van den Bossche, and David Gijbels. 2003. “Effects of Problem-Based Learning: A Meta-Analysis.” Learning and Instruction 13 (5): 533–568.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duffy, Thomas M. and Donald J. Cunningham. 1996. “Constructivism: Implications for the Design and Delivery of Instruction.” In Handbook of Research for Educational Communications and Technology, edited by David Jonassen, 170–199. New York: Simon & Schuster/Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falkner, Katrina and Edward Palmer. 2009. “Developing Authentic Problem Solving Skills in Introductory Computing Classes.” ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 41 (1): 4–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forsey, Martin, Mitchell Low, and David Glance. 2013. “Flipping the Sociology Classroom: Towards a Practice of Online Pedagogy.” Journal of Sociology 49 (4): 471–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilboy, Mary Beth, Scott Heinerichs, and Gina Pazzaglia. 2015. “Enhancing Student Engagement Using the Flipped Classroom.” Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 47 (1): 109–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, Jeongyun, Sun Young Huh, Young Hoan Cho, SoHyun Park, Jinhan Choi, Bongwon Suh, and Wonjong Rhee. 2020. “Utilizing Online Learning Data to Design Face-to-Face Activities in a Flipped Classroom: A Case Study of Heterogeneous Group Formation.” Educational Technology Research and Development 68 (5): 2055–2071.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hao, Yungwei. 2016. “Exploring Undergraduates’ Perspectives and Flipped Learning Readiness in their Flipped Classrooms.” Computers in Human Behavior 59: 82–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, Sarah. 2014. “The ‘Flipped’ Latin Classroom: A Case Study.” The Classical World 108 (1): 117–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hmelo-Silver, Cindy E. 2004. “Problem-Based Learning: What and How Do Students Learn?” Educational Psychology Review 16 (3): 235–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huh, Sun Young and Young Hoan Cho. 2020. “Students’ Perception of Problem-Based Flipped Learning in Higher Education.” Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction 20 (4): 533–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung, Woei, David H. Jonassen, and Rude Liu. 2008. “Problem-Based Learning.” Chap. 1, In Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology, edited by J. Michael Spector, M. David Merrill, Jan Elen and Martin J. Bishop. Vol. 3, 485–506. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jo, Il-Hyun, Dongho Kim, and Meehyun Yoon. 2015. “Constructing Proxy Variables to Measure Adult Learners’ Time Management Strategies in LMS.” Journal of Educational Technology & Society 18 (3): 214–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonassen, David H. 2010. Learning to Solve Problems: A Handbook for Designing Problem-Solving Learning Environments. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jonassen, David H. 2011. “Supporting Problem Solving in PBL.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning 5 (2): 95–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaendler, Celia, Michael Wiedmann, Nikol Rummel, and Hans Spada. 2015. “Teacher Competencies for the Implementation of Collaborative Learning in the Classroom: A Framework and Research Review.” Educational Psychology Review 27 (3): 505–536.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kember, David, Celina Hong, Vickie Yau, and Amaly Ho. 2014. “Is It the Teaching or the Discipline? Influences of Disciplinary Epistemology and Pedagogy on Students Adapting Study Behaviour and Epistemological Beliefs.” European Journal of Higher Education 4 (4): 348–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Min Kyu, So Mi Kim, Otto Khera, and Joan Getman. 2014. “The Experience of Three Flipped Classrooms in an Urban University: An Exploration of Design Principles.” The Internet and Higher Education 22: 37–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Jihyun, Cheolil Lim, and Hyeonsu Kim. 2017. “Development of an Instructional Design Model for Flipped Learning in Higher Education.” Educational Technology Research and Development 65 (2): 427–453.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, Jyh-Chong, Min-Hsien Lee, and Chin-Chung Tsai. 2010. “The Relations between Scientific Epistemological Beliefs and Approaches to Learning Science among Science-Major Undergraduates in Taiwan.” Asia-Pacific Education Researcher  19 (1): 43–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Ang, Stephen C.-Y. Lu, and Yun Dai. 2014. “Pain Index Survey” for Flipped Classroom in Design Education.” American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2014-35112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magnisalis, Ioannis, Stavros Demetriadis, and Anastasios Karakostas. 2011. “Adaptive and Intelligent Systems for Collaborative Learning Support: A Review of the Field.” IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies 4 (1): 5–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moraros, John, Adiba Islam, Stan Yu, Ryan Banow, and Barbara Schindelka. 2015. “Flipping for Success: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Novel Teaching Approach in a Graduate Level Setting.” BMC Medical Education 15 (1): 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, Julia, Jen-Mei Chang, and Kagba Suaray. 2016. “Student Performance and Attitudes in a Collaborative and Flipped Linear Algebra Course.” International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology 47 (5): 653–673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nouri, Jalal. 2016. “The Flipped Classroom: For Active, Effective and Increased Learning—Especially for Low Achievers.” International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 13 (1): 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramadhani, Rahmi, UMAM Rofiqul, Abdurrahman Abdurrahman, and Muhamad Syazali. 2019. “The Effect of Flipped-Problem Based Learning Model Integrated with LMS-Google Classroom for Senior High School Students.” Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists 7 (2): 137–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, Lauren. 2018. Knowing, Learning, and Instruction: Essays in Honor of Robert Glaser. London:  Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sams, Aaron and Jonathan Bergmann. 2013. “Flip Your Students’ Learning.” Educational Leadership 70 (6): 16–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlairet, Maura C., Rebecca Green, and Melissa J. Benton. 2014. “The Flipped Classroom: Strategies for an Undergraduate Nursing Course.” Nurse Educator 39 (6): 321–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shyr, Wen‐Jye and Ching‐Huei Chen. 2018. “Designing a Technology‐enhanced Flipped Learning System to Facilitate Students’ Self‐regulation and Performance.” Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 34 (1): 53–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slomanson, William R. 2014. “Blended Learning: A Flipped Classroom Experiment.” Journal of Legal Education 64: 93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soller, Amy. 2007. “Adaptive Support for Distributed Collaboration.” In The Adaptive Web: Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization, edited by Peter Brusilovski, Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Nejdl, 573–595. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Stowell, Jeffrey R. and Jason M. Nelson. 2007. “Benefits of Electronic Audience Response Systems on Student Participation, Learning, and Emotion.” Teaching of Psychology 34 (4): 253–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tawfik, Andrew A. and Christopher Lilly. 2015. “Using a Flipped Classroom Approach to Support Problem-Based Learning.” Technology, Knowledge and Learning 20 (3): 299–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, Chin-Chung. 2000. “Relationships between Student Scientific Epistemological Beliefs and Perceptions of Constructivist Learning Environments.” Educational Research 42 (2): 193–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Xinghua, Ingo Kollar, and Karsten Stegmann. 2017. “Adaptable Scripting to Foster Regulation Processes and Skills in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning.” International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning 12 (2): 153–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Young Hoan Cho .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Huh, S.Y., Cho, Y.H. (2022). Problem-Based Flipped Learning in Higher Education. In: Chechurin, L. (eds) Digital Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00801-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00801-6_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-00800-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-00801-6

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics