Skip to main content

Gangs, Gang Evolution and Young People’s Involvement in Drug Supply and Distribution in Scotland

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of Youth Gangs in the UK
  • 756 Accesses

Abstract

Gangs, Gang Evolution and Young People’s Involvement in Drug Supply and Distribution in Scotland, Ross Deuchar and Robert McLean examine the changing nature of youth street gang formation in Scotland. In particular, they focus on Glasgow and the west of Scotland, because of the historical prevalence of gang culture, knife crime and violence. Just over a decade ago gang violence contributed to Glasgow being dubbed ‘the murder capital of Europe’, yet by 2015 commentators were suggesting that the city’s gang problem had been solved as a result of intensive intervention from law enforcement and voluntary and third sector agencies. However, since 2015 there has been a significant increase in drug use, and more worryingly drug deaths, in the country, particularly among young people. Organised crime groups using young people as ‘runners’ have come to dominate drug supply. They draw upon their interviews with young people between 2019 and 2020, to chart the evolution of street gangs, engaged primarily in territorial conflict, into an integral part of illicit drug supply in the region.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alonso, A. A. (2004). Racialised identities and the formation of black gangs in Los Angeles. Urban Geography, 25(7), 658–674.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andell, P., & Pitts, J. (2018) The end of the line? The impact of county lines drug distribution on youth crime in a target destination. Youth & Policy [online]. Available from: https://www.youthandpolicy.org/articles/the-end-of-the-line/. Accessed 26 August 2020.

  • Bartie, A. (2010). Moral panics and glasgow gangs: Exploring the new wave into glasgow Hooliganism, 1965–1970. Contemporary British History, 24(3), 385–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batchelor, S. A., Armstrong, S., & MacLellan, D. (2019). Taking stock of violence in Scotland. SCCJR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1986) The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 258–271). Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice. Stanford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Connell, R. W. (2005). Masculinities. Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coomber, R., & Moyle, L. (2018). The changing shape of street level heroin and crack supply in England: Commuting, holidaying and cuckooing drug dealers across ‘County Lines.’ British Journal of Criminology, 58(6), 1323–1342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, C. (2010). The tears that made the Clyde. Argyll Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, A. (2013). City of gangs: Glasgow and the rise of the British gangster. Hodder & Stoughton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deuchar, R. (2009). Gangs, marginalised youth and social capital. Trentham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deuchar, R. (2013). Policing youth violence: Transatlantic connections. IOE Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deuchar, R. (2016). Scottish youth gangs. In H. Croall, G. Mooney, & M. Munro (Eds.), Crime, justice and society in Scotland (pp.67–81) Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deuchar, R. (2018). Gangs and spirituality: Global perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Deuchar, R., & Holligan, C. (2010). Gangs, sectarianism and social capital: A qualitative study of young people in Scotland. Sociology, 44(1), 13–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deuchar, R., McLean, R., & Holligan, C. (2021). Gangs, drugs and youth adversity: Continuity and change. Bristol University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodd, V. (2020, January 10). Police call for ban on anonymous pay-as-you-go phones. The Guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/jan/10/police-call-for-ban-on-anonymous-pay-as-you-go-phones. Accessed 17 September 2020.

  • Fraser, A. (2015). Urban legends. Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Harding, S. (2014). The street casino: Survival in the violent street gang. The Policy Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Harding, S. (2020). County lines: Exploitation and drug dealing amongst urban street gangs. Policy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding, S., Deuchar, R., Densley, J., & McLean, R. (2019). A typology of street robbery and gang organization: Insights from qualitative research in Scotland. British Journal of Criminology, 59(4), 879–897.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holligan, C. (2013). Breaking the code of the street: Extending Elijah Anderson’s encryption of violent street governance to retaliation in Scotland. Journal of Youth Studies, 18(5), 634–648.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holligan, C., & Deuchar, R. (2009). Territorialities in Scotland: Perceptions of young people in Glasgow. Journal of Youth Studies, 12(6), 727–742.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holligan, C., McLean, R., & McHugh, R. (2020) Exploring County Lines: Criminal drug distribution practices in Scotland. Youth Justice [Special Issue: Street Gangs, Group Offending and Violence], 20(1–2), 50–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irwin-Rogers, K. (2019). Drug prohibition, inequality and consumer capitalism: A toxic trap for young people. Critical Criminology, 27(4), 591–610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kintrea, K., Bannister, J., Pickering, J., Suruki, N., & Reid, M. (2008). Young people and territoriality in British cities. Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lauger, T. R., & Densley, J. A. (2018). Broadcasting badness: Violence, identity, and performance in the online gang rap scene. Justice Quarterly, 35(5), 816–841.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawson, R. (2013). The construction of ‘tough’ masculinity: Negotiation, alignment and rejection. Gender & Language, 7(3), 369–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mares, D. (1999). Globalization and gangs: The Manchester case. Focaal, 35, 135–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, A., & Kingsley-Long, H. (1935). No mean city. Longmans, Green & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLean, R. (2017). An evolving gang model in contemporary Scotland. Deviant Behavior, 39, 309–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLean, R. (2019). Gangs, drugs and (dis)organised crime. Bristol University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McLean, R., & Densley, J. (2020). Scotland’s gang members: Life and crime in Glasgow. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McLean, R., Robinson, G., & Densley, J. (2019). County lines, criminal networks and evolving drug markets in Britain. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. (2015) In every scheme there is a team: A grounded theory of how young people grow in and out of gangs (Unpublished PhD Thesis). University of West of Scotland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, B. (2003). Bhoys, bears & bigotry: The old firm in the new age. Mainstream.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patrick, J. (1973). A Glasgow gang observed. Eyre Muthuen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinkney, C., & Robinson-Edwards, S. (2018, April 9). Gangs, music and the mediatisation of crime: Expressions, violations and validations. Safer Communities.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, G., McLean, R., & Densley, J. (2019). Working county lines: Child criminal exploitation and illicit drug dealing in Glasgow and Merseyside. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 63(5), 694–711.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shabir, G., Hameed, Y., Safdar, G., & Gilani, S. (2014). The impact of social media on youth: A case study of Bahawalpur City. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 3(4), 132–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sillitoe, P., Sir. (1956) Cloak without dagger. Pan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wacquant, L. (2008). Urban outcasts: A comparative sociology of advanced marginality. Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker, A., Densley, J., Cheston, L., Tyrell, T., Higgins, M., Felix-Baptiste, C., & Havard, T. (2020). ‘Reluctant gangsters’ revisited: The evolution of gangs from postcodes to profits. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 26(1), 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Windle, J. (2013). Tuckers firm: A case study of British organised crime. Trends in Organized Crime, 16(4), 382–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ross Deuchar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Deuchar, R., McLean, R. (2023). Gangs, Gang Evolution and Young People’s Involvement in Drug Supply and Distribution in Scotland. In: Andell, P., Pitts, J. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Youth Gangs in the UK . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99658-1_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99658-1_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-99657-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-99658-1

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics