Abstract
Plasmonic fiber optic sensors have garnered immense interest in the past two decades owing to their inherent structural, functional, and operational benefits. In particular, U-bent fiber optic sensors with their high evanescent wave absorbance sensitivity offer a unique advantage of efficient monitoring of the optical extinction properties of the plasmonic nanoparticles for the development of a variety of sensing applications. This chapter describes the fundamentals of sensing in the LSPR-based U-bent fiber optic probes. Various factors affecting the performance of plasmonic U-bent probes such as nanoparticle size, shape, geometrical design, and other fiber parameters are discussed in detail. In addition, this chapter provides in-depth coverage of various sensing strategies developed for U-bent plasmonic fiber optic sensor and their applications towards a variety of chemicals and biosensors. Although these plasmonic sensors could achieve the detection limit down to the attomolar levels of the analyte, concerted efforts are needed towards the translation and commercialization of U-bent plasmonic fiber optic sensors to devise a low-cost, field-deployable, point-of-care diagnostic system.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
M. Marazuela, M. Moreno-Bondi, Fiber-optic biosensors – An overview. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 372, 664–682 (2002)
X.-D. Wang, O.S. Wolfbeis, Fiber-optic chemical sensors and biosensors (2015–2019). Anal. Chem. 92, 397–430 (2020)
A. Leung, P.M. Shankar, R. Mutharasan, A review of fiber-optic biosensors. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 125, 688–703 (2007)
B.D. Gupta, H. Dodeja, A.K. Tomar, Fibre-optic evanescent field absorption sensor based on a U-shaped probe. OQE 28, 1629–1639 (1996)
C.G. Danny, M.D. Raj, V.V.R. Sai, Investigating the refractive index sensitivity of U-bent fiber optic sensors using ray optics. J. Lightwave Technol. 38, 1580–1588 (2020)
R.K. Verma, B.D. Gupta, Theoretical modelling of a bi-dimensional U-shaped surface plasmon resonance based fibre optic sensor for sensitivity enhancement. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 41, 095106 (2008)
M. Remouche, R. Mokdad, A. Chakari, P. Meyrueis, Intrinsic integrated optical temperature sensor based on waveguide bend loss. Opt. Laser Technol. 39, 1454–1460 (2007)
M. Gao, C. Wei, X. Lin, Y. Liu, F. Hu, Y.S. Zhao, Controlled assembly of organic whispering-gallery-mode microlasers as highly sensitive chemical vapor sensors. Chem. Commun. 53, 3102–3105 (2017)
S.A. Maier, in Plasmonics: Fundamentals and applications, ed. by S. A. Maier, (Springer, New York, NY, 2007)
L.B. Scaffardi, J.O. Tocho, Size dependence of refractive index of gold nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 17, 1309–1315 (2006)
V. Myroshnychenko, J. Rodríguez-Fernández, I. Pastoriza-Santos, A.M. Funston, C. Novo, P. Mulvaney, L.M. Liz-Marzán, F.J. García de Abajo, Modelling the optical response of gold nanoparticles. Chem. Soc. Rev. 37, 1792–1805 (2008)
H. Ko, S. Singamaneni, V.V. Tsukruk, Nanostructured surfaces and assemblies as Sers media. Small 4, 1576–1599 (2008)
J. Satija, R. Bharadwaj, V. Sai, S. Mukherji, Emerging use of nanostructure films containing capped gold nanoparticles in biosensors. Nanotechnol. Sci. Appl. 3, 171–188 (2010)
M. Grzelczak, J. Pérez-Juste, P. Mulvaney, L.M. Liz-Marzán, Shape control in gold nanoparticle synthesis. Chem. Soc. Rev. 37, 1783–1791 (2008)
J. Satija, N.S. Punjabi, V.V.R. Sai, S. Mukherji, Optimal design for U-bent fiber-optic Lspr sensor probes. Plasmonics 9, 251–260 (2014)
M. Kanso, S. Cuenot, G. Louarn, Sensitivity of optical fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance: modeling and experiments. Plasmonics 3, 49–57 (2008)
L. Liu, J. Yang, Z. Yang, X. Wan, N. Hu, X. Zheng, Theoretical analysis of the optical propagation characteristics in a fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor. Sensors 13, 7443–7453 (2013)
D. Paul, S. Dutta, D. Saha, R. Biswas, Lspr based ultra-sensitive low cost U-bent optical fiber for volatile liquid sensing. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 250, 198–207 (2017)
P. Nag, K. Sadani, S. Mukherji, S. Mukherji, Beta-lactam antibiotics induced bacteriolysis on LSPR sensors for assessment of antimicrobial resistance and quantification of antibiotics. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 311, 127945 (2020)
J. Satija, J. Tharion, S. Mukherji, Facile synthesis of size and wavelength tunable hollow gold nanostructures for the development of a LSPR based label-free fiber-optic biosensor. RSC Adv. 5, 69970–69979 (2015)
W. Yang, J. Yu, X. Xi, Y. Sun, Y. Shen, W. Yue, C. Zhang, S. Jiang, Preparation of graphene/Ito nanorod metamaterial/U-bent-annealing fiber sensor and DNA biomolecule detection. Nano 9, 1154 (2019)
R. Bandaru, M. Divagar, S. Khanna, C.G. Danny, S. Gupta, V. Janakiraman, V.V. Sai, U-bent fiber optic plasmonic biosensor platform for ultrasensitive analyte detection. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 321, 128463 (2020)
C. Christopher, A. Subrahmanyam, V.V.R. Sai, Gold sputtered U-bent plastic optical fiber probes as Spr- and Lspr-based compact plasmonic sensors. Plasmonics 13, 493–502 (2018)
V.C. Priyamvada, C. Ajina, P. Radhakrishnan, Coating configuration dependency of fiber optic silver coated U-bent plasmonic sensor surfaces in concentration sensing measurements. Optoelectron. Lett. 14, 465–469 (2018)
C. Zhang, Z. Li, S.Z. Jiang, C.H. Li, S.C. Xu, J. Yu, Z. Li, M.H. Wang, A.H. Liu, B.Y. Man, U-bent fiber optic Spr sensor based on graphene/Agnps. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 251, 127–133 (2017)
H. Song, H. Zhang, Z. Sun, Z. Ren, X. Yang, Q. Wang, Triangular silver nanoparticle U-bent fiber sensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance. AIP Adv. 9, 085307 (2019)
G.M. Shukla, N. Punjabi, T. Kundu, S. Mukherji, Optimization of plasmonic U-shaped optical fiber sensor for mercury ions detection using glucose capped silver nanoparticles. IEEE Sensors J. 19, 3224–3231 (2019)
C.-W. Wu, C.-Y. Kuo, J.-W. Lin, C.-C. Chiang, Application of a Wgm optical fiber probe fabricated by 3d printing Technology for Glucose Concentration Measurement. OQE 49, 29 (2017)
C.-C. Chiang, J.-C. Chao, Whispering gallery mode based optical fiber sensor for measuring concentration of salt solution. J. Nanomater. 2013, 372625 (2013)
N. Sung Hyun, Y. Shizhuo, High-temperature sensing using whispering gallery mode resonance in bent optical fibers. IPTL 17, 2391–2393 (2005)
Y.-L. Fang, Y.-H. Huang, C.-Y. Kuo, C.-C. Chiang, U-bend fiber optical sensor for magnetic field sensing. OQE 51, 36 (2019)
N. Gu, H. Zhang, B. Liu, W. Lin, B. Song, J. Wu, All-fiber electric field sensor based on whispering-gallery-mode resonances in U-bent single-mode fibers integrated with liquid crystal. OptEn 56, 026102 (2017)
C.Y. Teng, F. Yu, S. Deng, H. Liu, L. Yuan, J. Zheng, H. Deng, Displacement sensor based on a small U-shaped single-mode fiber. Sensors 19, 2531 (2019)
X. Hu, T.S. Chuan, Y. Wang, T. Fang, Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensor based on the U-shaped probe for concentration sensing. Optik 127, 2183–2186 (2016)
Y. Zhao, Y. Peng, M.-Q. Chen, R.-J. Tong, Humidity sensor based on unsymmetrical U-shaped microfiber with a polyvinyl alcohol overlay. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 263, 312–318 (2018)
A.S. Rajamani, M. Divagar, V.V. Sai, Plastic fiber optic sensor for continuous liquid level monitoring. Sensors Actuators A Phys. 296, 192–199 (2019)
C.G. Danny, A. Subrahmanyam, V.V.R. Sai, Development of plasmonic U-bent plastic optical fiber probes for surface enhanced Raman scattering based biosensing. J. Raman Spectrosc. 49, 1607–1616 (2018)
H. Manoharan, D. Kc, V.V.R. Sai, Controlled in situ seed-mediated growth of gold and silver nanoparticles on an optical fiber platform for plasmonic sensing applications. Plasmonics 15, 51–60 (2020)
J. Ma, L. Lv, G. Zou, Q. Zhang, Fluorescent porous film modified polymer optical fiber via “click” chemistry: Stable dye dispersion and trace explosive detection. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 241–249 (2015)
C. Teng, N. Jing, F. Yu, Y. Ding, J. Zheng, Refractive index sensor based on a multi-notched plastic optical fiber. Appl. Opt. 56, 1833–1838 (2017)
Y. Chen, T. Liu, Q. Han, W. Yan, L. Yu, Fiber loop ring-down cavity integrated U-bent single-mode-fiber for magnetic field sensing. Photon Res 4, 322–326 (2016)
J.R. Godin, Development of an analytical model for a fiber optic evanescent wave sensor: UWSpace; 2015
S. Chandra, A. Dhawangale, S. Mukherji, Hand-held optical sensor using denatured antibody coated electro-active polymer for ultra-trace detection of copper in blood serum and environmental samples. Biosens. Bioelectron. 110, 38–43 (2018)
M. Mirasoli, M. Guardigli, E. Michelini, A. Roda, Recent advancements in chemical luminescence-based lab-on-chip and microfluidic platforms for bioanalysis. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 87, 36–52 (2014)
A.M. Nair, A. Dhawangale, S. Chandra, L.K. Shekhawat, A.S. Rathore, S. Mukherji, Polymer-coated fiber optic sensor as a process analytical tool for biopharmaceutical impurity detection. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 69, 7666–7674 (2020)
A.D. Arcas, F.D. Dutra, R.C. Allil, M.M. Werneck, Surface plasmon resonance and bending loss-based U-shaped plastic optical fiber biosensors. Sensors 18, 648 (2018)
D. Murugan, H. Bhatia, V.V.R. Sai, J. Satija, P-Fab: A fiber-optic biosensor device for rapid detection of Covid-19. Trans. Indian Natl. Acad. Eng. 5, 211–215 (2020)
Wen HY, Huang CW, Li Y-L, Chen J-L, Yeh Y-T, Chiang C-C., A lamping U-shaped fiber biosensor detector for Microrna, Sensors 20 (2020) 1509
M.M. Keley, F.F. Borghi, A. Dante, C. Carvalho, R. Allil, F. Dutra, P. Cardoso, R. Mok, L. Garção, M. Werneck, A. Mello, U-Shaped plastic optical fiber functionalized with metal oxides thin film for H2s Gas sensor applications. 2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), 2018, pp. 1–5
Z. Li, C. Zhang, Y. Han, S. Gao, Y. Sheng, S. Zhang, Z. Lu, B. Man, Y. Jiao, S. Jiang, Evanescent wave absorption sensor with direct-growth Mos2film based on U-bent tapered multimode fiber. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 50, 315302 (2017)
R. Bharadwaj, S. Mukherji, S. Mukherji, Probing the localized surface plasmon field of a gold nanoparticle-based fibre optic biosensor. Plasmonics 11, 753–761 (2016)
D. Li, S. Yu, C. Sun, C. Zou, H. Yu, K. Xu, U-shaped fiber-optic Atr sensor enhanced by silver nanoparticles for continuous glucose monitoring. Biosens. Bioelectron. 72, 370–375 (2015)
A. Gowri, V.V.R. Sai, Development of Lspr based U-bent plastic optical fiber sensors. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 230, 536–543 (2016)
B. Ramakrishna, V. Janakiraman, V.V.R. Sai, A Wash-Free, Dip-type fiber optic plasmonic (Dip) assay for sub-zeptomole analyte detection, materials science, Physics (2018) 1810.06437
M. Sanjay, N.K. Singh, L. Ngashangva, P. Goswami, A smartphone-based fiber-optic aptasensor for label-free detection of plasmodium falciparum glutamate dehydrogenase. Anal. Methods 12, 1333–1341 (2020)
M. Divagar, R. Bandaru, V. Janakiraman, V.V.R. Sai, A plasmonic fiberoptic absorbance biosensor for mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan based tuberculosis diagnosis. Biosens. Bioelectron. 167, 112488 (2020)
H. Manoharan, P. Kalita, S. Gupta, V.V.R. Sai, Plasmonic biosensors for bacterial endotoxin detection on biomimetic C-18 supported fiber optic probes. Biosens. Bioelectron. 129, 79–86 (2019)
K. Sadani, P. Nag, S. Mukherji, LSPR based optical fiber sensor with chitosan capped gold nanoparticles on Bsa for trace detection of Hg (ii) in water, soil and food samples. Biosens. Bioelectron. 134, 90–96 (2019)
P. Halkare, N. Punjabi, J. Wangchuk, A. Nair, K. Kondabagil, S. Mukherji, Bacteria functionalized gold nanoparticle matrix based fiber-optic sensor for monitoring heavy metal pollution in water. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 281, 643–651 (2019)
A. Khatri, A. Dhawangale, S. Mukherji, Single step, mould-free fabrication of polymer optical waveguides for localized surface plasmon resonance based sensing platform. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 280, 243–255 (2019)
B.S. Boruah, R. Biswas, Localized surface plasmon resonance based U-shaped optical fiber probe for the detection of Pb2+ in aqueous medium. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 276, 89–94 (2018)
D. Paul, S. Dutta, R. Biswas, Lspr enhanced gasoline sensing with a U-bent optical fiber. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 49, 305104 (2016)
B. Ramakrishna, V.V.R. Sai, Evanescent wave absorbance based U-bent fiber probe for immunobiosensor with gold nanoparticle labels. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 226, 184–190 (2016)
D. Rithesh Raj, S. Prasanth, C. Sudarsanakumar, Development of Lspr-based optical fiber dopamine sensor using L-tyrosine-capped silver nanoparticles and its nonlinear optical properties. Plasmonics 12, 1227–1234 (2017)
Z. Luo, J. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. Chen, Y. Li, Y. Duan, An aptamer based method for small molecules detection through monitoring salt-induced Aunps aggregation and surface plasmon resonance (Spr) detection. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 236, 474–479 (2016)
S.K. Chauhan, N. Punjabi, D.K. Sharma, S. Mukherji, A silicon nitride coated Lspr based fiber-optic probe for possible continuous monitoring of sucrose content in fruit juices. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 222, 1240–1250 (2016)
S. Jagtap, S. Rane, S. Arbuj, S. Rane, S. Gosavi, Optical fiber based humidity sensor using ag decorated Zno nanorods. Microelectron. Eng. 187–188, 1–5 (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Danny, C.G., Manoharan, H., Yadav, S., Sai, V.V.R., Satija, J. (2022). U-Bent Fiber Optic Plasmonic Sensors: Fundamentals, Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions. In: Biswas, R., Mazumder, N. (eds) Recent Advances in Plasmonic Probes. Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science and Technology, vol 33. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99491-4_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99491-4_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-99490-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-99491-4
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)