Skip to main content

Developing an Affective Audio Toolbox for Audio Post-production

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
ITNG 2022 19th International Conference on Information Technology-New Generations

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 1421))

  • 449 Accesses

Abstract

This research aims to understand how soundtrack elements can stimulate an emotional response in viewers whilst watching film and how sound professionals utilise sound for this purpose. The article reviews research on affective audio in film and informs ten semi-structured interviews with film sound professionals. These interviews cover a variety of topics, all with a focus on sound design. The interview transcripts were thematically analysed, and six themes were drawn from them and are discussed in detail and explored through case-study examples. A workflow for sound design is synthesised using each theme as a step in the post-production process, intended as a way of visualising how this research can aid the film-sound profession and inform future research in the field. It is concluded that sound is currently used to bring about affective responses in specific instances, when other emotional devices are not already in use. The use of sound as a narrative aid is found to be more prevalent, and indeed currently seen as more important within the industry than for specific affective use. Further research is suggested to enhance understanding of affective audio and to develop a framework for its widespread effective implementation in film.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. L. Blake, George Lucas: Technology and the art of filmmaking [Magazine] (2004, November 1). Retrieved 16 January 2019, from Mixonline website: https://www.mixonline.com/recording/george-lucas-365460

  2. N. Hillman, S. Pauletto, The Craftsman: The use of sound design to elicit emotions. Soundtrack 7(1), 5–23 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1286/st.7.1.5_1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. N. Hillman, S. Pauletto, Audio imagineering: Utilising the four sound areas framework for emotive sound design within contemporary audio post-production. New Soundtrack 6(1), 77–107 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3366/sound.2016.0084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. K. Kalinak (ed.), Sound: Dialogue, Music and Effects, 1st edn. (I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd, New Brunswick, 2015)

    Google Scholar 

  5. A.J. Cohen, Music as a source of emotion in film, in Series in Affective Science. Music and emotion: Theory and research, (Oxford University Press, New York, 2001), pp. 249–272

    Google Scholar 

  6. P. Ivanka, M. Slobodan, The effect of music background on the emotional appraisal of film sequences | Directory of Open Access Journals. Psihologija 44(1), 71–91 (2011). https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI1101071P

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. B. Langkjær, Making fictions sound real – On film sound, perceptual realism and genre. MedieKultur J. Media Commun. Res. 26(48), 5–17 (2010). https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v26i48.2115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. P.N. Juslin, P. Laukka, Expression, perception, and induction of musical emotions: A review and a questionnaire study of everyday listening. J. New Music Res. 33(3), 217–238 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1080/0929821042000317813

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Ildirar, D.T. Levin, S. Schwan, T.J. Smith, Audio facilitates the perception of cinematic continuity by first-time viewers. Perception 47(3), 276–295 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/0301006617745782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. D. Candusso, J. Thompson, How sound design shapes the audience’s response in Baz Luhrmann’s ‘Australia’. Int. J. Image 5(1), 25–31 (2014). https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8560/CGP/v05i01/44117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. J.R. Drake, The importance of sound design and its affect on perception. MA Thesis, State University of New York (2013). Retrieved from https://dspace.sunyconnect.suny.edu/handle/1951/58385

  12. M. Chion, Audio-Vision: Sound on Screen, ed. by C. Gorbman, 2nd edn. (Columbia University Press, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  13. D.T. Blumstein, R. Davitian, P.D. Kaye, Do film soundtracks contain nonlinear analogues to influence emotion? Biol. Lett. 6(6), 751–754 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. L.F. Donaldson, Feeling and filmmaking: The design and affect of film sound. New Soundtrack 7(1), 31–46 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3366/sound.2017.0095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. V. LoBrutto, Sound-on-film: Interviews with Creators of Film Sound (Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  16. R. Kumar, Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, 4th edn. (SAGE, Thousand Oaks, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  17. A. Dix, R. Beale, G.D. Abowd, Human-Computer Interaction (Pearson Education UK, London, 2003)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Francombe, J.S. Woodcock, R. Hughes, R. Mason, A. Franck, C. Pike, et al., Qualitative evaluation of media device orchestration for immersive spatial audio reproduction. J. Audio Eng. Soc. 66, 414–429 (2018). https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2018.0027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. QSR International, Qualitative Data Analysis Software | NVivo [Information/Product] (2020, December 8). https://www.qsrinternational.com/nvivo-qualitative-data-analysis-software/home

  20. V. Braun, V. Clarke, Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual. Res. Psychol. 3(2), 77–101 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Miller, G. (2015). Mad Max: Fury Road [Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi]. Retrieved from http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1392190/

  22. S. Spielberg, Raiders of the Lost Ark [Action, Adventure]. Paramount Pictures, Lucasfilm (1981, June 12)

    Google Scholar 

  23. R. Scott, Blade Runner [Action, Sci-Fi, Thriller]. The Ladd Company, Shaw Brothers, Warner Bros (1982, June 25)

    Google Scholar 

  24. D. Villeneuve, Blade Runner 2049 [Action, Drama, Mystery, Sci-Fi, Thriller]. Alcon Entertainment, Columbia Pictures, Sony (2017, October 4)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Q. Tarantino, Once Upon a Time... In Hollywood [Comedy, Drama]. Columbia Pictures, Bona Film Group, Heyday Films (2019, July 24)

    Google Scholar 

  26. T. Muirhead, 111 – Once upon a time in Hollywood, vol. 111 (2019, September 10). Retrieved 26 October 2020, from https://soundcloud.com/tonebenders-podcast/111-once-upon-a-time-in-hollywood

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Harrison Ridley .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Ridley, H., Cunningham, S., Picking, R. (2022). Developing an Affective Audio Toolbox for Audio Post-production. In: Latifi, S. (eds) ITNG 2022 19th International Conference on Information Technology-New Generations. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1421. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97652-1_44

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97652-1_44

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-97651-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-97652-1

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics