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Titanosauria: A Critical Reappraisal of Its Systematics and the Relevance of the South American Record

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South American Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs

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Abstract

Our understanding of sauropodomorph evolution is continually improved with the recognition of new species and their inclusion in phylogenetic data sets, along with the incorporation of novel characters. Whereas some subclades remain stable in terms of their original taxonomic content, the definitions of others have proven to be less easily applicable as increased taxon and character sampling has changed sauropodomorph interrelationships. Relatively minor differences in the position of clade specifiers between alternative phylogenies result in substantial differences in clade composition in several instances. Titanosauria is the most successful and diverse clade of sauropodomorph dinosaurs, but its interrelationships are poorly understood. With an ever-growing number of recognized species and increased taxon sampling in phylogenies, resulting in the recovery of newly identified, diverse subclades, the need to re-evaluate titanosaurian supra-specific taxonomy becomes increasingly important. Using fifteen phylogenetic data sets, we conducted a series of analyses to detect the most stable clades and taxa amongst Titanosauria. Based on this, we propose several changes to titanosaur systematics, including a newly defined node-stem triplet composed of Eutitanosauria and its constituent lineages, Colossosauria and Saltasauroidea, developing a new framework to improve stability and facilitate communication of phylogenetic results.

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Acknowledgements

This contribution was supported by funds of the PICT ANPCyT 1925/2017 (to JLC and LS). PDM’s contribution was supported by grants from the Royal Society (UF160216 and RGF\EA\201037). We thank Diego Pol for editing the manuscript and providing us with the PCR-Bremer script. We sincerely appreciate the comments made by the reviewers, S. Poropat and P. Gallina, whose contributions clearly improved the quality of this manuscript, as well as those provided by V. Díez Díaz on early versions of this work.

Supplementary Information Available at: https://osf.io/h8qs3/?view_only=3100c6a2c8d54e9aa91fbf6655f9a2df.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    José L. Carballido, Alejandro Otero, Leonardo Salgado & Agustín Pérez Moreno

  2. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Fontana 140, Trelew (9100), Chubut, Argentina

    José L. Carballido

  3. División Paleontología de Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (Anexo Laboratorios), Calle 122 y 60, La Plata (B1900WA), Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

    Alejandro Otero & Agustín Pérez Moreno

  4. Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK

    Philip D. Mannion

  5. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología. UNRN-CONICET, Av. Julio A. Roca 1242, General Roca, Río Negro, 8332, Argentina

    Leonardo Salgado

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  1. José L. Carballido
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  2. Alejandro Otero
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  3. Philip D. Mannion
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  4. Leonardo Salgado
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  5. Agustín Pérez Moreno
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Correspondence to José L. Carballido .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Argentina

    Alejandro Otero

  2. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Trelew, Argentina

    José L. Carballido

  3. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Trelew, Argentina

    Diego Pol

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Carballido, J.L., Otero, A., Mannion, P.D., Salgado, L., Moreno, A.P. (2022). Titanosauria: A Critical Reappraisal of Its Systematics and the Relevance of the South American Record. In: Otero, A., Carballido, J.L., Pol, D. (eds) South American Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Springer Earth System Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95959-3_8

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