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Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (Chronic Non-infective Osteitis)

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Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infections

Abstract

Chronic noninfectious osteitis (CNO) is an autoinflammatory bone disorder characterised by inflammatory bone lesions that can cause pain and swelling. It may affect single bones, most often the clavicle, or be multifocal in nature. It most often affects females, typically aged 7–12 years. A subset of patients will have features of overlapping diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, or palmoplantar pustulosis. There are several differentials to be excluded, most importantly infectious osteomyelitis and malignancy. Therefore, extensive investigations, which may include a bone biopsy and whole-body MRI, are frequently necessary. Treatment options include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bisphosphonates, and TNF-alpha blockade.

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Acknowledgements

Many thanks to Dr. Mark Chopra for his assistance in preparing the figures used

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK

    Grainne M. Murray & Athimalaipet V. Ramanan

  2. Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

    Ethan S. Sen

  3. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

    Ethan S. Sen

  4. Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

    Athimalaipet V. Ramanan

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  1. Grainne M. Murray
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  3. Athimalaipet V. Ramanan
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child Health & Orthopedics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Mohan V. Belthur

  2. Blooming Buds Centre for Pediatric Orthopedics, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Ashish S. Ranade

  3. Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Martin J. Herman

  4. Orthopedics, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK

    James A. Fernandes

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Murray, G.M., Sen, E.S., Ramanan, A.V. (2022). Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (Chronic Non-infective Osteitis). In: Belthur, M.V., Ranade, A.S., Herman, M.J., Fernandes, J.A. (eds) Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infections. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95794-0_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95794-0_21

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