Abstract
The 1980s brought a revolution in the diagnosis of what was then called “congenital dislocation of the hip” when Professor Reinhard Graf, an Austrian Orthopedic surgeon, published his original paper introducing infant hip ultrasound (US). Since that time, numerous US technique variations and modifications have been studied and suggested. Infant hip US can be broadly categorized as dynamic assessment of stability, or static assessment, which includes acetabular morphology, femoral head coverage, or position. The Graf method primarily evaluates and measures acetabular morphology. It involves the use of an examination cradle with a fixed probe guide; these are considered essential for correct image acquisition, as distinct from the “free-hand” or non-fixed techniques. This chapter will focus on the most commonly described “freehand” US methods.
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Persaud, T., Chlapoutakis, K., Maizen, C., Baltas, C. (2022). Freehand Sonographic Techniques. In: O'Beirne, J., Chlapoutakis, K. (eds) Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94956-3_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94956-3_8
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