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Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors Based on Polymer Composites

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Advances in Nanocomposite Materials for Environmental and Energy Harvesting Applications

Part of the book series: Engineering Materials ((ENG.MAT.))

Abstract

This chapter outlines the current state of mixed ionic-electronic conducting composite materials, and discusses the latest advances from a didactic point of view. Beginning with the fundamentals, the electronic conducting agent and its nature is described. This section progresses from previously studied inorganic composites to the latest updates in flexible and highly conducting organic systems, where radical and π-conjugated polymers are used. Then, the concept of dopants, which boosts the conductivity of these materials, will be expounded, in addition to the material characteristics depending on their nature (organic based and hybrid architectures). Finally, the electronic and ionic transport are explained. The main characterization techniques are discussed in the following section, highlighting electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In the last section, the role and scope of these materials in different applications (thermocells, batteries, sensors/transistors and other devices) are explained.

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Abbreviations

4PP:

Four-point probe

AC:

Alternating current

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

BSCF:

Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ

CCTS:

Carboxymethyl chitosan

CMC:

Carboxymethyl cellulose

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

CP:

Conducting polymer

DBSA:

Dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid

DC:

Direct current

DCA:

Dicyanamide

DFT:

Density functional theory

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

EIS:

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

EMIM:

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium

FET:

Field effect transistor

FSI:

Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide

FTIR:

Fourier transform

GOPS:

3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane

IL:

Ionic liquid

LFP:

Lithium iron phosphate

LSCF:

La0.2Sr0.8Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ

LTM:

Long-term memory

NCA:

Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide

NFC:

Nanofibrillated cellulose

NMC:

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide

NMP:

N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

OECT:

Organic electrochemical transistor

OFET:

Organic field effect transistor

OIPC:

Organic ionic plastic crystal

P3HT:

Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)

PA:

Polyacetylene

PANI:

Polyaniline

PEDOT:

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

PGSt:

Poly(4-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-α-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-p-tolyloxy)styrene)

PolyDADMA:

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium)

PProDOT:

Poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene)

PPy:

Polypyrrole

PROXYL:

1-Pyrrolidnyloxy,2,2,5,5-tetramethyl

PSS:

Polystyrenesulfonate

PTEO:

Poly(4-glycidyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl)

Pth:

Polythiophene

PTHS:

Poly(6-(thiophene-3-yl)hexane-1-sulfonate)

PTMA:

Poly (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate

PTSA:

P-toluene sulphonic acid

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene fluoride

RH:

Relative humidity

SA:

Sodium alginate

SAXS:

Small angle X-ray scattering

SPP:

Symmetric polarization procedure

STM:

Short-term memory

TCB:

Tetracyanoborate

TE:

Thermoelectronics

TEMPO:

(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxidanyl

TFSI:

Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide

WAXS:

Wide angle X-ray scattering

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain

    Rafael Del Olmo, Maria Forsyth & Nerea Casado

  2. Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, 48011, Bilbao, Spain

    Maria Forsyth

  3. Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia

    Maria Forsyth

  4. ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia

    Maria Forsyth

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  1. Rafael Del Olmo
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  2. Maria Forsyth
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Correspondence to Maria Forsyth or Nerea Casado .

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  1. Advanced Materials, BCMaterials—Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, Leioa, Spain

    Ahmed Esmail Shalan

  2. Vice President of Advanced Material Research, Stanley Black & Decker, Inc., New Britain, CT, USA

    Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf

  3. Advanced Materials, BCMaterials—Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, Leioa, Spain

    Senentxu Lanceros‐Méndez

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Del Olmo, R., Forsyth, M., Casado, N. (2022). Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors Based on Polymer Composites. In: Shalan, A.E., Hamdy Makhlouf, A.S., Lanceros‐Méndez, S. (eds) Advances in Nanocomposite Materials for Environmental and Energy Harvesting Applications. Engineering Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94319-6_17

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