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The Effect of Training on Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Metabolism

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Exercise Metabolism

Part of the book series: Physiology in Health and Disease ((PIHD))

Abstract

This chapter reviews the molecular and metabolic responses in human skeletal muscle to exercise training. Acute changes in various stimuli that trigger adaptations largely depend on the type of exercise performed and particularly the intensity and duration of discrete sessions. These stimuli are linked to the activation and/or repression of an array of intracellular signal transduction pathways, pre- and posttranscriptional processes, and the regulation of protein translation. Given the considerable overlap in these underlying molecular processes, the mechanistic basis for how repeated, acute changes are translated into specific training responses remains a topic of much investigation. Endurance training is primarily associated with an enhanced capacity for oxidative energy provision and a shift in substrate utilization, from carbohydrate to lipid, at a given absolute exercise intensity. Strength training mainly results in increased muscle size, force-generating capacity, and enhanced capacity for non-oxidative energy provision. Sprint training also increases the capacity for non-oxidative energy provision, but can elicit a range of responses, including some that resemble endurance or strength training. Training generally enhances fatigue resistance and performance in a manner that is specific, but not exclusive, to the type of exercise performed. These improvements are owed, in part to training-induced changes in both the maximal capacity for, and the specific utilization of, various substrates during exercise.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the constructive comments on early versions of this chapter from Dr. Chris McGlory (Queen’s University), Dr. Donal O’Gorman and Mr. Ian Darragh (both Dublin City University), and Prof. Gianni Parise (McMaster University) as well as the insightful feedback from Prof. Paul Greenhaff (University of Nottingham) on the penultimate version of this chapter. Many of the works from Dr. MacInnis and Prof. Gibala cited herein were supported by funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Martin J. MacInnis

  2. School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland

    Brendan Egan

  3. Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

    Martin J. Gibala

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  1. Martin J. MacInnis
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  2. Brendan Egan
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  3. Martin J. Gibala
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Correspondence to Martin J. Gibala .

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  1. Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Glenn McConell

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MacInnis, M.J., Egan, B., Gibala, M.J. (2022). The Effect of Training on Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Metabolism. In: McConell, G. (eds) Exercise Metabolism. Physiology in Health and Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9_10

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