Skip to main content

Enlarged Prostatic Utricle Associated to Hypospadias

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Hypospadias Surgery
  • 1221 Accesses

Abstract

Prostatic utricle (PU) is an enlarged diverticulum localized in the posterior urethra and derived by the persistence of Müllerian structures or decreased androgenic stimulation of the urogenital sinus.

It can be associated to other anomalies such as hypospadias, cryptorchidism, renal agenesis, and intersex disorders. Diagnosis can be provided by ultrasounds, voiding cysto-urethrogram (VCUG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Treatment is a challenge due to the anatomic site of the prostatic utricle (PU) and the risk of injury to the surrounding structures and nerves. Many approaches have been described: conservative, endoscopic, open, and minimally invasive.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

AMH:

Anti-Müllerian hormone

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

PU:

Prostatic utricle

TRUS:

Transrectal ultrasound

US:

Ultrasounds

VCUG:

Voiding cysto-urethrogram

References

  1. Liu B, He D, Zhang D, Liu X, Lin T, Wei G. Prostatic utricles without external genital anomalies in children: our experience, literature review, and pooling analysis. BMC Urol. 2019; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-019-0450-z.

  2. Wang W, Wang Y, Zhu D, Yan P, Dong B, Zhou H. The prostatic utricle cyst with huge calculus and hypospadias: a case report and a review of the literature. Can Urol Assoc J. 2015; https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.2381.

  3. Desautel MG, Stock J, Hanna MK. Mullerian duct remnants: surgical management and fertility issues. J Urol. 1999; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)68050-9.

  4. Glenister TW. The development of the utricle and of the so-called “middle” or “median” lobe of the human prostate. J Anat. 1962;96

    Google Scholar 

  5. Krstić ZD, Smoljanić Ž, Mićović Ž, Vukadinović V, Sretenović A, Varinac D. Surgical treatment of the Müllerian duct remnants. J Pediatr Surg. 2001; https://doi.org/10.1053/jpsu.2001.23958.

  6. Devine CJ, Gonzalez-Serva L, Stecker JF, Horton CE. Utricular configuration in hypospadias and intersex. J Urol. 1980; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)55959-5.

  7. Verma SK, Shetty BS, Kanth L. A boy with acute urinary retention: a Mullerian duct remnant (2006, 3b). Eur Radiol. 2006; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-005-0116-y.

  8. Shebel HM, Farg HM, Kolokythas O, El-Diasty T. Cysts of the lower male genitourinary tract: embryologic and anatomic considerations and differential diagnosis. Radiographics. 2013; https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.334125129.

  9. Ikoma F, Shima H, Yabumoto H. Classification of enlarged prostatic utricle in patients with hypospadias. Br J Urol. 1985; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1985.tb06356.x.

  10. Hester AG, Kogan SJ. The prostatic utricle: an under-recognized condition resulting in significant morbidity in boys with both hypospadias and normal external genitalia. J Pediatr Urol. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.01.019.

  11. Kojima Y, Hayashi Y, Maruyama T, Sasaki S, Kohri K. Comparison between ultrasonography and retrograde urethrography for detection of prostatic utricle associated with hypospadias. Urology. 2001; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(01)00954-2.

  12. Ahmed M, Palmer JW. Large symptomatic Mullerian duct cyst treated by tetracycline sclerotherapy. Int Urol Nephrol. 1995; https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02551319.

  13. Schuhrke TD, Kaplan GW. Prostatic utricle cysts (Mullerian duct cysts). J Urol. 1978; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)57627-2.

  14. Husmann DA, Allen TD. Endoscopic management of infected enlarged prostatic utricles and remnants of rectourethral fistula tracts of high imperforate anus. J Urol. 1997; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64898-5.

  15. Leite MTC, Fachin CG, De Albuquerque Maranhão RF, Shida MEF, Martins JL. Anterior sagittal approach without splitting the rectal wall. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2013; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.05.013.

  16. Meisheri IV, Motiwale SS, Sawant VV. Surgical management of enlarged prostatic utricle. Pediatr Surg Int. 2000; https://doi.org/10.1007/s003830050722.

  17. Alam S, Levitt MA, Sheldon CA, Peña A. The posterior sagittal approach for recurrent genitourinary pathology. J Urol. 2007; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.03.189.

  18. Dòmini R, Rossi F, Ceccarelli PL, De Castro R. Anterior sagittal transanorectal approach to the urogenital sinus in adrenogenital syndrome: preliminary report. J Pediatr Surg. 1997; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90012-9.

  19. Rossi F, de Castro R, Ceccarelli PL, Domini R. Anterior sagittal transanorectal approach to the posterior urethra in the pediatric age group. J Urol. 1998; https://doi.org/10.1097/00005392-199809020-00058.

  20. Monfort G. Transvesical approach to utricular cysts. J Pediatr Surg. 1982; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3468(82)80499-5.

  21. Siegel JF, Brock WA, Pena A. Pediatric urology: transrectal posterior sagittal approach to prostatic utricle (Mullerian duct cyst). J Urol. 1995; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)67722-X.

  22. Keramidas DC, Kapouleas GP, Papandreou E. The posterior sagittal approach for the excision of a prostatic utricle cyst. Br J Urol. 1995; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1995.tb07723.x.

  23. Raicevic M, Saxena AK. Laparoscopic management of Müllerian duct remnants in the paediatric age: evidence and outcome analysis. J Minim Access Surg. 2018; https://doi.org/10.4103/jmas.JMAS_213_16.

  24. Aminsharifi A, Afsar F, Pakbaz S. Laparoscopic management of müllerian duct cysts in infants. J Pediatr Surg. 2011; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.04.008.

  25. Lima M, Maffi M, Di Salvo N, Ruggeri G, Libri M, Gargano T, Lardy H. Robotic removal of Müllerian duct remnants in pediatric patients: our experience and a review of the literature. Pediatr Medica e Chir. 2018; https://doi.org/10.4081/pmc.2018.182.

  26. Najmaldin A, Antao B. Early experience of tele-robotic sugery in children. Int J Med Robot Comput Assist Surg. 2007; https://doi.org/10.1002/rcs.150.

  27. Hong YK, Onal B, Diamond DA, Retik AB, Cendron M, Nguyen HT. Robot-assisted laparoscopic excision of symptomatic retrovesical cysts in boys and young adults. J Urol. 2011; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.07.113.

  28. Wu JA, Hsieh MH. Robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy, gonadal biopsy, and orchiopexies in an infant with persistent mullerian duct syndrome. Urology. 2014; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2013.10.006.

  29. Nguyen A, Arora H, Reese J, Kaouk J, Rhee A. Robot-assisted laparoscopic excision of prostatic utricle in a 3-year old. J Pediatr Urol. 2018; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.07.015.

  30. Macedo A, Del Debbio Di Migueli R, Ottoni SL, Leal da Cruz M, Manzano JP. Robotic-assisted excision of a prostatic utricle cyst in a 12-month boy with proximal hypospadia and 45X0/46XY karyotype. J Pediatr Urol. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.08.020.

  31. Khoder WY, Kretschmer A, Gratzke C, Becker A, Stief C. Robotic-assisted excision of giant prostatic utricular cysts: technique, outcomes and follow-up. Surg Technol Int. 2019;35

    Google Scholar 

  32. Goruppi I, Avolio L, Romano P, Raffaele A, Pelizzo G. Robotic-assisted surgery for excision of an enlarged prostatic utricle. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2015; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.03.024.

  33. Coppens L, Bonnet P, Andrianne R, De Leval J. Adult müllerian duct or utricle cyst: clinical significance and therapeutic management of 65 cases. J Urol. 2002; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65190-7.

  34. Spence HM, Chenoweth VC. Cysts of prostatic utricle (müllerian duct cysts); report of two cases in children, each containing calculi, cured by retropubic operation. J Urol. 1958; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)66274-8.

  35. Valdevenito JP, Valdevenito R, Cuevas M, Espinoza A, Guerra J. Quiste del utrículo prostático: Reporte de un caso complicado de litiasis gigante. Arch Esp Urol. 2002;55

    Google Scholar 

  36. Şalvarcl A, Istanbulluoʇlu O. Monosymptomatic persistent hematospermia due to rarely encountered prostatic utricle stones. Urol Int. 2015; https://doi.org/10.1159/000354766.

  37. Bagrodia A, Gerecci D, Ramirez D, Decker DB, Hudak SJ. Holmium laser endourethrotomy and litholapaxy of an occult prostatic utricle calculus. Can J Urol. 2012;19

    Google Scholar 

  38. Gualco G, Ortega V, Ardao G, Cravioto F. Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the prostatic utricle in an adolescent. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2005; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2005.02.006.

  39. Pineault K, Alam R, Meyer A, Johnson MH. Urothelial carcinoma within the prostatic utricle of an adult with hypospadias and Fanconi anemia. Urol Case Rep. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eucr.2019.101043.

  40. Zhang C, Li X, He Z, Xiao Y, Li S, Zhou L. Squamous cell carcinoma of the enlarged prostatic utricle in an adult. Urology. 2012; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2011.06.017.

  41. Melicow MM, Tannenbaum M. Endometrial carcinoma of uterus masculinus (prostatic utricle). Report of 6 cases. J Urol. 1971; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)61430-7.

  42. Vale JA, Patel A, Ball AJ, Hendry WF, Chappell ME, Fisher C. Endometrioid carcinoma of the prostate: a misnomer? J R Soc Med. 1992; https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689208500708.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mario Lima .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Lima, M., Maffi, M. (2022). Enlarged Prostatic Utricle Associated to Hypospadias. In: Hadidi, A.T. (eds) Hypospadias Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94248-9_48

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94248-9_48

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-94247-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-94248-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics