Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Current Trends in Smart Cities: Shared Micromobility

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Innovations in Smart Cities Applications Volume 5 (SCA 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ((LNNS,volume 393))

Abstract

Population growth trends in cities have made urban mobility even more difficult. Problems arise in mobility systems, which become more difficult with the increase in population, in issues such as private vehicle ownership, traffic jams, and environmental pollution. Considering that the urban population will increase rapidly, unplanned urbanization is expected to increase the problems in urban mobility. The urban mobility system requires changes to solve these problems. In the context of the smart city approach, integrating technological innovations into urban mobility systems helps to improve the environment and life quality. Smart mobility reveals different alternative modes of mobility. One of these is shared micromobility.

In this study, it is aimed to create an integrated framework for smart cities, smart mobility and shared micromobility. However, micromobility has many effects on smart cities. In this context, the effect of micro-mobility shared in the study is limited to the environment. Shared micromobility is an innovative sustainable mode of transport that can replace short-distance travel and has the potential to provide environmental benefits. However, as a result of the studies examined, it is revealed that the environmental effects of shared micromobility are not clear and do not create the expected environmental impact. Therefore, the right strategies should be developed in order to reveal the expected environmental effects of shared micromobility services. With the effective policies developed, the carbon footprint of urban mobility can be reduced.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. World Bank: Population Growth, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW. Accessed 13 June 2021

  2. W. Lerner, S. Ali, R. Baron, A. Doyon, B. Herzog, D. Koob, M. Zintel, The future of urban mobility. Towards networked, multimodal cities of, 2050, https://www.adlittle.com/sites/default/files/viewpoints/adl_the_future_of_urban_mobilityreport.pdf. Accessed 27 May 2021

  3. A. Raj, G. Dwivedi, Smart city: an integrated approach using system dynamics, in Advances in Smart Cities: Smarter People, Governance, and Solutions (CRC Press, 2017), pp.93–104

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. Sayyadi, A. Awasthi, A system dynamics based simulation model to evaluate regulatory policies for sustainable transportation planning. Int. J. Model. Simul. 37(1), 25–35 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. ITS Directive: Framework for The Deployment of Intelligent Transport System, https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/themes/its/road/doc/2010_09_15_its_directive_2010-40-eu-standard.pdf. Accessed 01 June 2021

  6. M. Kostrzewska, B. Macikowski, Towards hybrid urban mobility: kick scooter as a means of individual transport in the city, in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 245, no. 5 (IOP Publishing, 2017), p. 052073

    Google Scholar 

  7. R. Giffinger, C. Fertner, H. Kramar, E. Meijers, City-ranking of European medium-sized cities (Centre of Regional Science (SRF), Vienna, 2007), pp. 1–12

    Google Scholar 

  8. A. Arroub, B. Zahi, E. Sabir, M. Sadik, A literature review on smart cities: paradigms, opportunities and open problems, in 2016 International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM) (IEEE, 2016), pp. 180–186

    Google Scholar 

  9. H. Karlı, R.G. Öztaş, H. Aydın, The effect of smart cities on urban logistics, in Cukurova 3th International Scientific Researches Conference (IKSAD, 2019), pp. 22–32

    Google Scholar 

  10. B. Şengül, H. Mostofi, Impacts of E-Micromobility on the sustainability of urban transportation—a systematic review. Appl. Sci. 11(13), 5851 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Mapping Smart Cities in the EU, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2014/507480/IPOL-ITRE_ET(2014)507480_EN.pdf. Accessed 28 May 2021

  12. P. Neirotti, A. De Marco, A.C. Cagliano, G. Mangano, F. Scorrano, Current trends in smart city initiatives: some stylised facts. Cities 38, 25–36 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. C. Benevolo, R.P. Dameri, B. D’auria, Smart mobility in smart city, in Empowering Organizations, ed. by T. Torre, A. Braccini, R. Spinelli. Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation, vol. 11 (Springer, Cham, 2016), pp. 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23784-8_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Y. Hernafi, M.B. Ahmed, M. Bouhorma, An approaches’ based on intelligent transportation systems to dissect driver behavior and smart mobility in smart city, in 4th IEEE International Colloquium on Information Science and Technology on Proceedings (IEEE, 2016), pp. 886–895

    Google Scholar 

  15. J. Zawieska, J. Pieriegud, Smart city as a tool for sustainable mobility and transport decarbonisation. Transp. Policy 63, 39–50 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. OECD/ITF: ITF Transport Outlook 2017. OECD Publishing, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/about/publishing/itf-transport-outlook-2017-9789282108000-en.htm. Accessed 15 June 2021

  17. Paris Agreement, https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20II/Chapter%20XXVII/XXVII-7-d.en.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2021

  18. G.E. Aartsma, The future of shared micro-mobility: the role of shared micro-mobility in urban transport visions for Berlin. Master thesis, Utrecht University, Utrecht, pp. 67 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  19. H. Önder, Pandemi Sürecinde Otomobil Odaklı Değişen Ulaşım Alışkanlıklarına Alternatif Bir Çözüm Önerisi: Mikromobilite, https://www.tasarimrehberleri.com/yayinlar/spektrum. Accessed 10 June 2021

  20. ITDP. Defining Micromobility, https://www.itdp.org/multimedia/defining-micromobility/. Accessed 01 June 2021

  21. J. Fong, Micro-mobility, E-scooters and implications for higher education, UPCEA Center for Research and Strategy, https://upcea.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/UPCEA_Micro_Mobility-White-Paper-May-2019.pdf. Accessed 24 May 2021

  22. K. Heineke, B. Kloss, D. Scurtu, F. Weig, Micromobility’s 15,000-mile checkup McKinsey and Company (2019), https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/ourinsights/micromobilitys-15000-mile-checkup. Accessed 12 June 2021

  23. A.Y. Chang, L. Miranda-Moreno, R. Clewlow, L. Sun, Trend or fad. Deciphering the enablers of micromobility in the US (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  24. S.A. Shaheen, S. Guzman, H. Zhang, Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia: past, present, and future. Transp. Res. Rec. 2143(1), 159–167 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. H. Dia, Rethinking urban mobility: unlocking the benefits of vehicle electrification, in Decarbonising the Built Environment (Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore, 2019), pp. 83–98

    Google Scholar 

  26. W. Chen, Q. Liu, C. Zhang, Z. Mi, D. Zhu, G. Liu, Characterizing the stocks, flows, and carbon impact of dockless sharing bikes in China. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 162, 105038 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. S. Shaheen, A. Cohen, N. Chan, A. Bansal, Sharing strategies: carsharing, shared micromobility (bikesharing and scooter sharing), transportation network companies, microtransit, and other innovative mobility modes, in Transportation, Land Use, and Environmental Planning (Elsevier, 2020), pp. 237–262

    Google Scholar 

  28. S. Shaheen, A. Cohen, I. Zohdy, Shared Mobility: Current Practices and Guiding Principles (United States. Federal Highway Administration, 2016)

    Google Scholar 

  29. J. Axsen, B.K. Sovacool, The roles of users in electric, shared and automated mobility transitions. Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 71, 1–21 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. D.J. Reck, H. Haitao, S. Guidon, K.W. Axhausen, Explaining shared micromobility usage, competition and mode choice by modelling empirical data from Zurich, Switzerland. Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol. 124, 102947 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Z. Liu, X. Jia, W. Cheng, Solving the last mile problem: ensure the success of public bicycle system in Beijing. Proc. Soc. Behav. Sci. 43, 73–78 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. A. Nikiforiadis, E. Paschalidis, N. Stamatiadis, A. Raptopoulou, A. Kostareli, S. Basbas, Analysis of attitudes and engagement of shared e-scooter users. Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 94, 102790 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. A. Castro, M. Gaupp-Berghausen, E. Dons, A. Standaert, M. Laeremans, A. Clark, T. Götschi, Physical activity of electric bicycle users compared to conventional bicycle users and non-cyclists: insights based on health and transport data from an online survey in seven European cities. Transp. Res. Interdisc. Perspect. 1, 100017 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  34. C.R. Cherry, H. Yang, L.R. Jones, M. He, Dynamics of electric bike ownership and use in Kunming, China. Transp. Policy 45, 127–213 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. C. Hardt, K. Bogenberger, Usage of e-scooters in urban environments. Transp. Res. Proc. 37, 155–162 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  36. S. Gössling, Integrating e-scooters in urban transportation: problems, policies, and the prospect of system change. Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 79, 102230 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. The micro-mobility revolution: The introduction and adoption of electric scooters in the United States, https://www.populus.ai/white-papers/micromobility-revolution. Accessed 10 June 2021

  38. J. Hollingsworth, B. Copeland, J.X. Johnson, Are e-scooters polluters? The environmental impacts of shared dockless electric scooters. Environ. Res. Lett. 14(8), 084031 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. C. Feng, J. Jiao, H. Wang, Estimating e-scooter traffic flow using big data to support planning for micromobility. J. Urban Technol. 1–19 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  40. S.R. Hu, C.T. Liu, An optimal location model for a bicycle sharing program with truck dispatching consideration, in 17th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems on Proceedings (IEEE, 2014), pp. 1775–1780

    Google Scholar 

  41. J.I. Castillo-Manzano, A. Sánchez-Braza, Managing a smart bicycle system when demand outstrips supply: the case of the university community in Seville. Transportation 40(2), 459–477 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. R. Félix, P. Cambra, F. Moura, Build it and give ‘em bikes, and they will come: the effects of cycling infrastructure and bike-sharing system in Lisbon. Case Stud. Transp. Policy 8(2), 672–682 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Usages et Usagers de Services de Trottinettes électriques en Free-floating en France, https://6-t.co/trottinettes-freefloating/. Accessed 06 June 2021

  44. PBOT: 2018 E-scooter Findings Report. Portland, OR: Portland Bureau of Transportation, https://www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation/article/709719. Accessed 11 June 2021

  45. ITDP: Harnessing Shared Mobility for Compact, Sustainable Cities, https://www.itdp.org/2015/08/06/harnessing-shared-mobility-for-compact-sustainable-cities/. Accessed 11 June 2021

  46. J.Y. Chow, H.R. Sayarshad, Symbiotic network design strategies in the presence of coexisting transportation networks. Transp. Res. Part B: Methodol. 62, 13–34 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. J.R. Lin, T.H. Yang, Y.C. Chang, A hub location inventory model for bicycle sharing system design: Formulation and solution. Comput. Ind. Eng. 65(1), 77–86 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Y. Yang, A. Heppenstall, A. Turner, A. Comber, A spatiotemporal and graph-based analysis of dockless bike sharing patterns to understand urban flows over the last mile. Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 77, 101361 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. L. Böcker, E. Anderson, T.P. Uteng, T. Throndsen, Bike sharing use in conjunction to public transport: exploring spatiotemporal, age and gender dimensions in Oslo, Norway. Transp. Res. Part A: Policy Pract. 138, 389–401 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  50. J. Pucher, R. Buehler, Integrating bicycling and public transport in North America. J. Public Transp. 12(3), 79–104 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. United Nations.: Cities and Pollution, https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate-solutions/citiespollution#:~:text=According%20to%20UN%20Habitat%2C%20cities,cent%20of%20the%20Earth's%20surface. Accessed 10 June 2021

  52. Taxonomy and Classification of Powered Micromobility Vehicles, https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3194_201911/. Accessed 14 June 2021

  53. H. Dediu, The Micromobility Definition. https://micromobility.io/blog/2019/2/23/the-micromobility-definition. Accessed 22 June 2021

  54. J. Mason, L. Fulton, Z. McDonald, A global high shift cycling scenario: the potential for dramatically increasing Vicycle and E-bike use in cities around the world, with estimated energy, CO2, and cost impacts, https://itdpdotorg.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/A-Global-High-Shift-Cycling-Scenario_Nov-2015.pdf. Accessed 24 May 2021

  55. M. McQueen, J. MacArthur, C. Cherry, The e-bike potential: Estimating the effect of e-bikes on person miles travelled and greenhouse gas emissions, https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=trec_reports, Accessed 29 May 2021

  56. Y. Zhang, Z. Mi, Environmental benefits of bike sharing: a big data-based analysis. Appl. Energy 220, 296–301 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. C. Brand, A. Goodman, D. Ogilvie, Evaluating the impacts of new walking and cycling infrastructure on carbon dioxide emissions from motorized travel: a controlled longitudinal study. Appl. Energy 128, 284–295 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. S. Sun, M. Ertz, Environmental impact of mutualized mobility: evidence from a life cycle perspective. Sci. Total Environ. 772, 145014 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. H. Luo, Z. Kou, F. Zhao, H. Cai, Comparative life cycle assessment of station-based and dock-less bike sharing systems. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 146, 180–189 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. J. Bachand-Marleau, B.H. Lee, A.M. El-Geneidy, Better understanding of factors influencing likelihood of using shared bicycle systems and frequency of use. Transp. Res. Rec. 2314(1), 66–71 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. D. Buck, R. Buehler, P. Happ, B. Rawls, P. Chung, N. Borecki, Are bikeshare users different from regular cyclists? A first look at short-term users, annual members, and area cyclists in the Washington, DC, region. Transp. Res. Rec. 2387(1), 112–119 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. E. Fishman, S. Washington, N. Haworth, Bike share’s impact on car use: evidence from the United States, Great Britain, and Australia. Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 31, 13–20 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. G. Mao, T. Hou, X. Liu, J. Zuo, A.H.I. Kiyawa, P. Shi, S. Sandhu, How can bicycle-sharing have a sustainable future? A research based on life cycle assessment. J. Clean. Prod. 282, 125081 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. H. Moreau, L. de Jamblinne de Meux, V. Zeller, P. D’Ans, C. Ruwet, W.M. Achten, Dockless e-scooter: a green solution for mobility? Comparative case study between dockless e-scooters, displaced transport, and personal e-scooters. Sustainability 12(5), 1803 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  65. M. Kazmaier, T.T. Taefi, T. Hettesheimer, Techno-economical and ecological potential of electric scooters: a life cycle analysis. Eur. J. Transp. Infrastr. Res. 20(4), 233–251 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  66. H. Benjamin, Chinese bike share graveyard a monument to industry’s ‘arrogance’, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/nov/25/chinas-bike-share-graveyard-a-monument-to-industrys-arrogance/. Accessed 18 June 2021

  67. H. Luo, F. Zhao, W.Q. Chen, H. Cai, Optimizing bike sharing systems from the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions perspective. Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol. 117, 102705 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. C. Fricker, N. Gast, Incentives and redistribution in homogeneous bike-sharing systems with stations of finite capacity. Euro J. Transp. Logist. 5(3), 261–291 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Y. Jia, W. Zeng, Y. Xing, D. Yang, J. Li, The bike-sharing rebalancing problem considering multi-energy mixed fleets and traffic restrictions. Sustainability 13(1), 270 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey

    Rukiye Gizem Öztaş Karlı & Selma Çelikyay

Authors
  1. Rukiye Gizem Öztaş Karlı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Selma Çelikyay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rukiye Gizem Öztaş Karlı .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Computer Engineering Department, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco

    Mohamed Ben Ahmed

  2. Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Computer Engineering Department, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco

    Anouar Abdelhakim Boudhir

  3. Computer Engineering Department, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey

    İsmail Rakıp Karaș

  4. Operations and Supply Chain Management, Wellington School of Business and Govern, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand

    Vipul Jain

  5. Département Des Systèmes d'Information Organisationnels, Faculty of Business Administration. Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada

    Sehl Mellouli

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Karlı, R.G.Ö., Çelikyay, S. (2022). Current Trends in Smart Cities: Shared Micromobility. In: Ben Ahmed, M., Boudhir, A.A., Karaș, İ.R., Jain, V., Mellouli, S. (eds) Innovations in Smart Cities Applications Volume 5. SCA 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 393. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94191-8_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94191-8_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-94190-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-94191-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation