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Immunological Changes

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The Very Old Critically Ill Patients

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Abstract

Aging is associated with numerous physiological changes, including those affecting the immune response. It is now well accepted that both the innate and the adaptive immune responses are changing with aging. The phenotypes and the functions of the immune cells are impacted at various degrees with aging. Collectively these changes are called immunosenescence which is tightly associated with inflammaging. The interest in the study of the immune function changes with aging is related to the concept that immune alterations underlie most of the age-related chronic diseases. However, nowadays, this relationship is more nuanced as not all changes related to aging in the immune system may be considered as detrimental. Many processes may be considered either adaptive or maladaptive. In this chapter we will discuss the lifelong changes in the immune response and also highlight the differential changes in regard to the immunobiography. Furthermore, the contribution of the aging immune system to critical diseases in the older subjects will be discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (No. 106634), the Société des Médecins de l’Université de Sherbrooke, and the Research Center on Aging of the CIUSSS-CHUS, Sherbrooke, by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education statutory grant 02-0058/07/262 to JMW, and by the Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) to AL; AAC is a CIHR New Investigator and member of the FRQS-supported Research Center on Aging and CHUS Research Center.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest, except AAC, who is Founder and Chief Scientific Officer at Oken.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center on Aging, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada

    Tamas Fulop & Abdelouahed Khalil

  2. Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore

    Anis Larbi

  3. Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo and Nitobe Memorial Nakanosogo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Katsuiku Hirokawa

  4. Department of Family Medicine, Research Center on Aging and Research Center of CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada

    Alan A. Cohen

  5. Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland

    Jacek M. Witkowski

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  1. Tamas Fulop
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  3. Abdelouahed Khalil
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  4. Katsuiku Hirokawa
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  5. Alan A. Cohen
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  6. Jacek M. Witkowski
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Correspondence to Tamas Fulop .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

    Hans Flaatten

  2. Sorbonne Université, INSERM Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de, Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France

    Bertrand Guidet

  3. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Saint Antoine Unité de Gériatrie Aiguë, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France

    Hélène Vallet

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Fulop, T., Larbi, A., Khalil, A., Hirokawa, K., Cohen, A.A., Witkowski, J.M. (2022). Immunological Changes. In: Flaatten, H., Guidet, B., Vallet, H. (eds) The Very Old Critically Ill Patients. Lessons from the ICU. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94133-8_6

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