Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Blockchain for Cyber-Physical Systems: Challenges and Applications

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advances in Blockchain Technology for Cyber Physical Systems

Part of the book series: Internet of Things ((ITTCC))

Abstract

The future of industrial systems, as represented principally by Industry 4.0, will be dependent on the convergence of recent research work in the fields of control architectures, cyber-physical systems (CPS), and the Internet of Things (IoT). CPS are sophisticated embedded systems that interact with their surroundings continuously and dynamically. Computing, communication, and physical dimensions are among them. They are crucial to smart grids, vehicle traffic networks, intelligent buildings, cooperative robotics, automotive, and avionics systems. Blockchain (BC) is a realistic method for enabling a secure, decentralized public ledger, enabling a variety of interesting new technological applications in cyber-physical systems such as the IoT, manufacturing, transportation, and supply chain, among many others. This chapter provides an in-depth examination and discussion of numerous CPS applications that have employed blockchain. Many applications, including healthcare, transportation, and cybersecurity, can benefit from blockchain technology, as will be explored in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. M. Swan, Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy (O’Reilly Media, 2015)

    Google Scholar 

  2. S. Porru, A. Pinna, M. Marchesi, R. Tonelli, Blockchain-oriented software engineering: Challenges and new directions, in 2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion (ICSE-C), (2017), pp. 169–171. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE-C.2017.142

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. N. Teslya, I. Ryabchikov, Blockchain-based platform architecture for industrial IoT, in 2017 21st Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT), (2017), pp. 321–329. https://doi.org/10.23919/FRUCT.2017.8250199

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. K. Christidis, M. Devetsikiotis, Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. IEEE Access 4, 2292–2303 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2566339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. V. Daza, R. Di Pietro, I. Klimek, M. Signorini, CONNECT: CONtextual NamE disCovery for blockchain-based services in the IoT, in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), (2017), pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2017.7996641

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. L. Monostori, Cyber-physical production systems: Roots, expectations and R&D challenges. Procedia CIRP 17, 9–13 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.03.115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Maleh, M. Shojafar, A. Darwish, A. Haqiq (eds.), Cybersecurity and Privacy in Cyber-Physical Systems (CRC Press, 2019)., [Online]. Available: https://www.crcpress.com/Cybersecurity-and-Privacy-in-Cyber-Physical-Systems/Maleh/p/book/9781138346673

    Google Scholar 

  8. S. Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Decentralized Bus. Rev. 2008, 21260 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  9. S. Zhang, J.-H. Lee, Analysis of the main consensus protocols of blockchain. ICT Express 6(2), 93–97 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2019.08.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. V. Chang, P. Baudier, H. Zhang, Q. Xu, J. Zhang, M. Arami, How blockchain can impact financial services – The overview, challenges and recommendations from expert interviewees. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 158, 120166 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. S.S. Gupta, Blockchain. IBM Onlone (http//www. IBM. COM) (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  12. J. Abadi, M. Brunnermeier, Blockchain economics. Natl. Bur. Econ. Res. (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  13. T. Ahram, A. Sargolzaei, S. Sargolzaei, J. Daniels, B. Amaba, Blockchain technology innovations, in 2017 IEEE Technology & Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON), (2017), pp. 137–141. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMSCON.2017.7998367

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. S. Wattanakul, S. Henry, M.L. Bentaha, N. Reeveerakul, Y. Ouzrout, Improving risk management by using smart containers for real-time traceability. arXiv Prepr. arXiv1810.13332 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Y.L. Morgan, Notes on DSRC and WAVE standards suite: Its architecture, design, and characteristics. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 12(4), 504–518 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2010.033010.00024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. H. Rathore, A. Samant, M. Jadliwala, TangleCV: A distributed ledger technique for secure message sharing in connected vehicles. ACM Trans. Cyber-Phys. Syst. 5(1), Dec (2021). https://doi.org/10.1145/3404500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Singh, S. Kim, Trust bit: Reward-based intelligent vehicle commination using blockchain paper, in 2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), (2018), pp. 62–67. https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT.2018.8355227

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. R. Chaudhary, A. Jindal, G.S. Aujla, S. Aggarwal, N. Kumar, K.-K.R. Choo, BEST: Blockchain-based secure energy trading in SDN-enabled intelligent transportation system. Comput. Secur. 85, 288–299 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2019.05.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. J.A.L. Calvo, R. Mathar, Secure blockchain-based communication scheme for connected vehicles, in 2018 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC), (2018), pp. 347–351. https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCNC.2018.8442848

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. CUBE, Autonomous car network security platform based on blockchain, White Pap. Available online https://cubeint.io/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Cube-Whitepaper-Centered-v2-3.pdf. Accesses 17 Jul 2017 (2017)

  21. Y. Yuan, F. Wang, Towards blockchain-based intelligent transportation systems, in 2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), (2016), pp. 2663–2668. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2016.7795984

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. B. Leiding, P. Memarmoshrefi, D. Hogrefe, Self-managed and blockchain-based vehicular ad-hoc networks, in Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct, (2016), pp. 137–140. https://doi.org/10.1145/2968219.2971409

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Dorri, M. Steger, S.S. Kanhere, R. Jurdak, BlockChain: A distributed solution to automotive security and privacy. IEEE Commun. Mag. 55(12), 119–125 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2017.1700879

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. J. Aguirre, J.P. Davis, F. Cenciarelli, U.S. Patent Application No. 14/887,594 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  25. S. Rowan, M. Clear, M. Gerla, M. Huggard, C.M. Goldrick, Securing vehicle to vehicle communications using blockchain through visible light and acoustic side-channels. arXiv Prepr. arXiv1704.02553 (2017)., [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.02553

  26. A.R. Pedrosa, G. Pau, ChargeltUp: On blockchain-based technologies for autonomous vehicles, in Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains for Distributed Systems, (2018), pp. 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1145/3211933.3211949

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. H. Rathore, A. Samant, M. Jadliwala, A. Mohamed, TangleCV: Decentralized technique for secure message sharing in connected vehicles, in Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Automotive Cybersecurity, (2019), pp. 45–48. https://doi.org/10.1145/3309171.3309177

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Singh, S. Kim, Branch based blockchain technology in intelligent vehicle. Comput. Netw. 145, 219–231 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.08.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. W. Ben Jaballah, M. Conti, M. Mosbah, C.E. Palazzi, Fast and secure multihop broadcast solutions for intervehicular communication. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 15(1), 433–450 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2013.2277890

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. F. Knirsch, A. Unterweger, D. Engel, Privacy-preserving blockchain-based electric vehicle charging with dynamic tariff decisions. Comput. Sci. Res. Dev. 33(1), 71–79 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00450-017-0348-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Balasubramaniam, M.J. Gul, V.G. Menon, A. Paul, Blockchain for intelligent transport system. IETE Tech. Rev. 38(4), 438–449 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/02564602.2020.1766385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Q. Al-Maatouk, M.S. Othman, A. Aldraiweesh, U. Alturki, W.M. Al-Rahmi, A.A. Aljeraiwi, Task-technology fit and technology acceptance model application to structure and evaluate the adoption of social media in academia. IEEE Access 8, 78427–78440 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2990420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. A. Ghosh, S. Gupta, A. Dua, N. Kumar, Security of cryptocurrencies in blockchain technology: State-of-art, challenges and future prospects. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 163, 102635 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Z. Liu, Z. Li, A blockchain-based framework of cross-border e-commerce supply chain. Int. J. Inf. Manag. 52, 102059 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.102059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. T.M. Xuan, M.T. Alrashdan, Q. Al-Maatouk, M.T. Alrashdan, Blockchain technology in e-commerce platform. Int. J. Manag. 11(10), 1688–1697 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  36. M. Janssen, V. Weerakkody, E. Ismagilova, U. Sivarajah, Z. Irani, A framework for analysing blockchain technology adoption: Integrating institutional, market and technical factors. Int. J. Inf. Manag. 50, 302–309 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.08.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. A. Ekblaw, A. Azaria, J.D. Halamka, A. Lippman, A case study for blockchain in healthcare: ‘MedRec’ prototype for electronic health records and medical research data, in Proc. IEEE open big data Conf., vol. 13, (2016), p. 13

    Google Scholar 

  38. Q. Xia, E.B. Sifah, K.O. Asamoah, J. Gao, X. Du, M. Guizani, MeDShare: Trust-less medical data sharing among cloud service providers via blockchain. IEEE Access 5, 14757–14767 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2730843

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. A. Dubovitskaya, Z. Xu, S. Ryu, M. Schumacher, F. Wang, Secure and trustable electronic medical records sharing using blockchain, in AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, vol. 2017, (American Medical Informatics Association, 2018), pp. 650–659, [Online]. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29854130

    Google Scholar 

  40. E. Karafiloski, A. Mishev, Blockchain solutions for big data challenges: A literature review, in IEEE EUROCON 2017-17th International Conference on Smart Technologies, (2017), pp. 763–768. https://doi.org/10.1109/EUROCON.2017.8011213

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  41. T. Le Nguyen, Blockchain in healthcare: A new technology benefit for both patients and doctors, in 2018 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), (2018), pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.23919/PICMET.2018.8481969

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  42. T. Nugent, D. Upton, M. Cimpoesu, Improving data transparency in clinical trials using blockchain smart contracts. F1000Res. 5, 2541 (2016). https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9756.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. M. Benchoufi, R. Porcher, P. Ravaud, Blockchain protocols in clinical trials: Transparency and traceability of consent. F1000Res. 6, 66 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. R. Klein, Assimilation of internet-based purchasing applications within medical practices. Inf. Manag. 49(3), 135–141 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2012.02.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. M. Uddin, Blockchain medledger: Hyperledger fabric enabled drug traceability system for counterfeit drugs in pharmaceutical industry. Int. J. Pharm. 597, 120235 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. E. Fernando, Success factor of implementation blockchain technology in pharmaceutical industry: A literature review, in 2019 6th International Conference on Information Technology, Computer and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE), (2019), pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITACEE.2019.8904335

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  47. W.J. Gordon, C. Catalini, Blockchain technology for healthcare: Facilitating the transition to patient-driven interoperability. Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J. 16, 224–230 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2018.06.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. S. Saberi, M. Kouhizadeh, J. Sarkis, L. Shen, Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management. Int. J. Prod. Res. 57(7), 2117–2135 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1533261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. L. Zhou, L. Wang, Y. Sun, MIStore: A blockchain-based medical insurance storage system. J. Med. Syst. 42(8), 149 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-0996-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. X. Zhang, S. Poslad, Blockchain support for flexible queries with granular access control to electronic medical records (EMR), in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), (2018), pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2018.8422883

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  51. S. Jiang, J. Cao, H. Wu, Y. Yang, M. Ma, J. He, BlocHIE: A BLOCkchain-based platform for healthcare information exchange, in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP), (2018), pp. 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTCOMP.2018.00073

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  52. K. Fan, S. Wang, Y. Ren, H. Li, Y. Yang, MedBlock: Efficient and secure medical data sharing via blockchain. J. Med. Syst. 42(8), 136 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-0993-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. I. Eyal, Blockchain technology: Transforming libertarian cryptocurrency dreams to finance and banking realities. Computer (Long. Beach. Calif) 50(9), 38–49 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2017.3571042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. F. Calvão, Crypto-miners: Digital labor and the power of blockchain technology. Econ. Anthropol. 6(1), 123–134 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/sea2.12136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. D. Knezevic, Impact of blockchain technology platform in changing the financial sector and other industries. Montenegrin J. Econ. 14(1), 109–120 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. R.B. Sağlam, Ç.B. Aslan, S. Li, L. Dickson, G. Pogrebna, A data-driven analysis of blockchain systems’ public online communications on GDPR, in 2020 IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures (DAPPS), (2020), pp. 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/DAPPS49028.2020.00003

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  57. T. Aste, P. Tasca, T. Di Matteo, Blockchain technologies: The foreseeable impact on society and industry. Computer (Long. Beach. Calif) 50(9), 18–28 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2017.3571064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. M. Hashemi Joo, Y. Nishikawa, K. Dandapani, Cryptocurrency, a successful application of blockchain technology. Manag. Financ. 46(6), 715–733 (Jan. 2020). https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-09-2018-0451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. L. Koh, A. Dolgui, J. Sarkis, Blockchain in transport and logistics – Paradigms and transitions. Int. J. Prod. Res. 58(7), 2054–2062 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.1736428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. J.M. Huang, S.B. Yang, C.L. Dai, An efficient key management scheme for data-centric storage wireless sensor networks. IERI Procedia 4, 25–31 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IERI.2013.11.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. T.M. Fernández-Caramés, P. Fraga-Lamas, A review on the application of blockchain to the next generation of cybersecure industry 4.0 smart factories. IEEE Access 7, 45201–45218 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2908780

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. T. Alladi, V. Chamola, R.M. Parizi, K.R. Choo, Blockchain applications for industry 4.0 and industrial IoT: A review. IEEE Access 7, 176935–176951 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2956748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. G. Aceto, V. Persico, A. Pescapé, A survey on information and communication technologies for industry 4.0: State-of-the-art, taxonomies, perspectives, and challenges. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 21(4), 3467–3501 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2019.2938259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. T.M. Fernández-Caramés, P. Fraga-Lamas, A review on the use of blockchain for the internet of things. IEEE Access 6, 32979–33001 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2842685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. M. Zhaofeng, W. Lingyun, W. Xiaochang, W. Zhen, Z. Weizhe, Blockchain-enabled decentralized trust management and secure usage control of IoT big data. IEEE Internet Things J. 7(5), 4000–4015 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2019.2960526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. H. Baniata, A. Kertesz, A survey on blockchain-fog integration approaches. IEEE Access 8, 102657–102668 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2999213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. B. Bhushan, A. Khamparia, K.M. Sagayam, S.K. Sharma, M.A. Ahad, N.C. Debnath, Blockchain for smart cities: A review of architectures, integration trends and future research directions. Sustain. Cities Soc. 61, 102360 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. N. Kshetri, Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives. Int. J. Inf. Manag. 39, 80–89 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.12.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. C. Yu, X. Jiang, S. Yu, C. Yang, Blockchain-based shared manufacturing in support of cyber physical systems: Concept, framework, and operation. Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf. 64, 101931 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2019.101931

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. M. Li, D. Hu, C. Lal, M. Conti, Z. Zhang, Blockchain-enabled secure energy trading with verifiable fairness in industrial internet of things. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. 16(10), 6564–6574 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2020.2974537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. H. Lu, K. Huang, M. Azimi, L. Guo, Blockchain technology in the oil and gas industry: A review of applications, opportunities, challenges, and risks. IEEE Access 7, 41426–41444 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2907695

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. A. Seitz, D. Henze, D. Miehle, B. Bruegge, J. Nickles, M. Sauer, Fog computing as enabler for blockchain-based IIoT app marketplaces – a case study, in 2018 Fifth International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security, (2018), pp. 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1109/IoTSMS.2018.8554484

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  73. P. Koshy, S. Babu, B.S. Manoj, Sliding window blockchain architecture for internet of things. IEEE Internet Things J. 7(4), 3338–3348 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.2967119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. J. Luo, Q. Chen, F.R. Yu, L. Tang, Blockchain-enabled software-defined industrial internet of things with deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Internet Things J. 7(6), 5466–5480 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.2978516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. J. Chi et al., A secure and efficient data sharing scheme based on blockchain in industrial internet of things. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 167, 102710 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. D. Li, Y. Hu, M. Lan, IoT device location information storage system based on blockchain. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 109, 95–102 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2020.03.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. M. Cebe, E. Erdin, K. Akkaya, H. Aksu, S. Uluagac, Block4Forensic: An integrated lightweight blockchain framework for forensics applications of connected vehicles. IEEE Commun. Mag. 56(10), 50–57 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2018.1800137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. G. Rathee, A. Sharma, R. Iqbal, M. Aloqaily, N. Jaglan, R. Kumar, A blockchain framework for securing connected and autonomous vehicles. Sensors 19(14), 3165 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19143165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Y. Qian, Y. Jiang, L. Hu, M.S. Hossain, M. Alrashoud, M. Al-Hammadi, Blockchain-based privacy-aware content caching in cognitive internet of vehicles. IEEE Netw. 34(2), 46–51 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.001.1900161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. O. Evsutin, R. Meshcheryakov, V. Tolmachev, A. Iskhakov, A. Iskhakova, Algorithm for embedding digital watermarks in wireless sensor networks data with control of embedding distortions, in Distributed Computer and Communication Networks, (2019), pp. 574–585

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  81. O.O. Evsyutin, A.S. Kokurina, A review of methods of embedding information in digital objects for security in the internet of things. Comput. Opt. 43(1), 137–154 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. H. Prasetyo, C. Hsia, C. Liu, Vulnerability attacks of SVD-based video watermarking scheme in an IoT environment. IEEE Access 8, 69919–69936 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2984180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. H. Peng, B. Yang, L. Li, Y. Yang, Secure and traceable image transmission scheme based on semitensor product compressed sensing in telemedicine system. IEEE Internet Things J. 7(3), 2432–2451 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2019.2957747

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Y. Pu, N. Zhang, H. Wang, Fractional-order spatial steganography and blind steganalysis for printed matter: Anti-counterfeiting for product external packing in internet-of-things. IEEE Internet Things J. 6(4), 6368–6383 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2018.2886996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. T. Hoang, V. Bui, N. Vu, D. Hoang, A lightweight mixed secure scheme based on the watermarking technique for hierarchy wireless sensor networks, in 2020 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN), (2020), pp. 649–653. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOIN48656.2020.9016541

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  86. Y. Xiao, G. Gao, Digital watermark-based independent individual certification scheme in WSNs. IEEE Access 7, 145516–145523 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2945177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. B. Wang, W. Kong, W. Li, N.N. Xiong, A dual-chaining watermark scheme for data integrity protection in internet of things. Comput. Mater. Continua 58(3), 679–695 (2019). https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2019.06106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. A. Ferdowsi, W. Saad, Deep learning for signal authentication and security in massive internet-of-things systems. IEEE Trans. Commun. 67(2), 1371–1387 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2018.2878025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. K. Hameed, A. Khan, M. Ahmed, A. Goutham Reddy, M.M. Rathore, Towards a formally verified zero watermarking scheme for data integrity in the internet of things based-wireless sensor networks. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 82, 274–289 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.12.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. V. Nguyen, T. Hoang, T. Duong, Q. Nguyen, V. Bui, A lightweight watermark scheme utilizing MAC layer behaviors for wireless sensor networks, in 2019 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Signal Processing, Telecommunications & Computing (SigTelCom), (2019), pp. 176–180. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIGTELCOM.2019.8696234

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  91. B. Zhao et al., Y-DWMS: A digital watermark management system based on smart contracts. Sensors 19(14), 3091 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19143091

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. J. Rubio-Hernan, L. De Cicco, J. Garcia-Alfaro, Adaptive control-theoretic detection of integrity attacks against cyber-physical industrial systems. Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol. 29(7), e3209 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.3209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. H. Huang, L. Zhang, Reliable and secure constellation shifting aided differential radio frequency watermark design for NB-IoT systems. IEEE Commun. Lett. 23(12), 2262–2265 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2019.2944811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. A. Sadeghi, C. Wachsmann, M. Waidner, Security and privacy challenges in industrial internet of things, in 2015 52nd ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC), (2015), pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2747942

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  95. A. Iskhakov, R. Meshcheryakov, Intelligent system of environment monitoring on the basis of a set of IOT-sensors, in 2019 International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications (SIBCON), (2019), pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIBCON.2019.8729628

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  96. A.A. Abd El-Latif, B. Abd-El-Atty, I. Mehmood, K. Muhammad, S.E. Venegas-Andraca, J. Peng, Quantum-inspired blockchain-based cybersecurity: Securing smart edge utilities in IoT-based smart cities. Inf. Process. Manag. 58(4), 102549 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. O. Abdulkader, A.M. Bamhdi, V. Thayananthan, F. Elbouraey, B. Al-Ghamdi, A lightweight blockchain based cybersecurity for IoT environments, in 2019 6th IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CSCloud)/2019 5th IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Scalable Cloud (EdgeCom), (2019), pp. 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCloud/EdgeCom.2019.000-5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  98. S. Badsha, I. Vakilinia, S. Sengupta, BloCyNfo-share: Blockchain based cybersecurity information sharing with fine grained access control, in 2020 10th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC), (2020), pp. 317–323. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCWC47524.2020.9031164

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  99. Q. Xia, E.B. Sifah, A. Smahi, S. Amofa, X. Zhang, BBDS: Blockchain-based data sharing for electronic medical records in cloud environments. Information 8(2), 44 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3390/info8020044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. G.G. Dagher, J. Mohler, M. Milojkovic, P.B. Marella, Ancile: Privacy-preserving framework for access control and interoperability of electronic health records using blockchain technology. Sustain. Cities Soc. 39, 283–297 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.02.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. V. Patel, A framework for secure and decentralized sharing of medical imaging data via blockchain consensus. Health Informatics J. 25(4), 1398–1411 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458218769699

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. P. Tasatanattakool, C. Techapanupreeda, Blockchain: Challenges and applications, in 2018 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN), (2018), pp. 473–475. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOIN.2018.8343163

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  103. L. Da Xu, Y. Lu, L. Li, Embedding blockchain technology into IoT for security: A survey. IEEE Internet Things J. 8(13), 10452–10473 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3060508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. J. Kolb, M. AbdelBaky, R.H. Katz, D.E. Culler, Core concepts, challenges, and future directions in blockchain: A centralized tutorial. ACM Comput. Surv. 53(1), 1–39 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3366370

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ENSA Khouribga,Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco

    Yassine Maleh

  2. University of the Cumberlands, Williamsburg, KY, USA

    Swathi Lakkineni

  3. Computing and Cyber Security, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Lo’ai Tawalbeh

  4. Menoufia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt

    Ahmed A. AbdEl-Latif

Authors
  1. Yassine Maleh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Swathi Lakkineni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lo’ai Tawalbeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ahmed A. AbdEl-Latif
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yassine Maleh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. ENSA Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco

    Yassine Maleh

  2. Computing and Cyber Security, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Lo’ai Tawalbeh

  3. ENSA, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco

    Saad Motahhir

  4. Department of Computer Science, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada

    Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Maleh, Y., Lakkineni, S., Tawalbeh, L., AbdEl-Latif, A.A. (2022). Blockchain for Cyber-Physical Systems: Challenges and Applications. In: Maleh, Y., Tawalbeh, L., Motahhir, S., Hafid, A.S. (eds) Advances in Blockchain Technology for Cyber Physical Systems. Internet of Things. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93646-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93646-4_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-93645-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-93646-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation