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Therapeutic Potential of MicroRNAs and Their Nanoparticle-based Delivery in the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis

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Biotechnologies for Gene Therapy

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Abstract

Chronic liver disease is a global health problem owing to its high morbidity and the limited available treatment options. Liver fibrosis, the most common feature of chronic liver disease, is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver, eventually leading to cirrhosis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the major contributors to hepatic fibrosis, undergo transdifferentiation from a quiescent to an activated/myofibroblastic state, resulting in the accumulation of ECM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Because miRNAs mediate a broad range of biological functions, dysregulation of miRNAs is strongly associated with various diseases, including liver fibrosis. Therefore, modulation of miRNAs by supplementing or inhibiting them represents a novel therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis. With recent advances in our understanding of nanomedicines, nanoparticles are regarded as promising candidates for efficient delivery methods for miRNAs because of their biological and technical advantages. In this chapter, we review the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, the roles of miRNAs in liver fibrosis, the therapeutic potential of miRNAs and their nanoparticle-based delivery for liver fibrosis, and the development of novel miRNA-based therapeutics for liver diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea

    Jieun Kim

  2. Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea

    Jieun Kim & Youngmi Jung

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA

    Yang H. Yun

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea

    Youngmi Jung

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  1. Jieun Kim
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Correspondence to Youngmi Jung .

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA

    Yang H. Yun

  2. Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Kristine E. Yoder

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Kim, J., Yun, Y.H., Jung, Y. (2022). Therapeutic Potential of MicroRNAs and Their Nanoparticle-based Delivery in the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis. In: Yun, Y.H., Yoder, K.E. (eds) Biotechnologies for Gene Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93333-3_1

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