Abstract
Why would principles that we consider valid at the national level lose their validity at the global level? Yet this is the case with regard to meritocratic ideology: while in Europe it is called up to justify inequalities—not without debate, of course—it is obviously unsuitable at the global level: no one deserves to be born in this or that country and the privileges or curses that ensue from it. While debates about the principles of justice are lively in Anglo-Saxon countries, they remain relatively rare in countries such as France (and in continental Europe), even if current events (commercial or financial globalisation, chosen or forced migrations) increasingly highlight the limits of models of justice limited to a single country. This chapter discusses the arguments of those who advocate debating questions of justice in a global context and question the more or less utopian nature of what a global justice would be.
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Notes
- 1.
As Ulrich Beck says, in Qu’est-ce que le cosmopolitisme?, Paris, Aubier, 2006.
- 2.
John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, Belknap Press, 1971; The Law of Peoples, Harvard University Press, 1999.
- 3.
For an introduction, see Mathias Risse, Global Political Philosophy, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012; see also Ayelet Banai, Miriam Ronzoni et Christiain Schemmel (eds), Social Justice, Global Dynamics, Londres, Routledge, 2011; Philippe Van Parijs, “International Distributive Justice”, in Robert Goodin (et al., eds), A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy, vol. 2, Oxford, Blackwell, 2007, 638–652.
- 4.
Cf. Francis Wolff, Trois utopies contemporaines, Paris, Fayard, 2017; Daniele Archibugi, La démocratie cosmopolitique, Paris, Humanités, 2009; Louis Lourme, Qu’est-ce que le cosmopolitisme?, Paris, Vrin, 2012.
- 5.
Laura Valentini, “Coercion and Global Justice”, American Political Science Review, 2011, 105, no. 1, pp. 205–220. Mathias Risse, On Global Justice, Princeton University Press, 2012.
- 6.
See notably “Priorities of global justice”, Metaphilosophy, vol. 32, no. 1/2, 2001, pp. 6–24.
- 7.
Michaël Foessel, 2011, “Etre citoyen du monde : horizon ou abîme du politique”, Vie des idées.fr.
- 8.
That is the thesis we defend in our work, Marie Duru-Bellat, Pour une planète équitable. L’urgence d’une justice globale, Paris, Seuil, 2014.
- 9.
See Paul Harris, World Ethics and Climate Change, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2010.
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Duru-Bellat, M. (2022). Questioning Social Justice in the Light of Cosmopolitanism. In: Barozet, E., Sainsaulieu, I., Cortesero, R., Mélo, D. (eds) Where Has Social Justice Gone?. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93123-0_10
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