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HPV-Induced Cancers

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Cancer Metastasis Through the Lymphovascular System

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Abstract

Highly prevalent human papillomavirus (HPV) can lead to cancer in the anogenital and oropharyngeal regions. Oncogenic, or high-risk, HPV types are attributed to 690,000 cancers worldwide. HPV infects basal epithelial cells and is propagated solely through host cellular differentiation. As viral amplification occurs, virions are shed from infected cells and continues the transmission process. While most HPV infections go unnoticed and clear within 2 years, persistent infections can lead to precancerous and cancerous lesions. Malignant transformation is driven by viral oncoproteins E5, E6, and E7, and these oncoproteins remain important for tumor maintenance. Cervical cancer has been shown to metastasize via the lymphovascular system due to close proximity of the lymphatic spaces, though direct local extension is also common. Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), though, has more diverse etiology with some cases attributed to HPV, while others are due to tobacco and alcohol use. HPV-associated OPC cases are known to have better survival, and early studies indicate differences in rate or site of metastases by HPV status may exist, though much is still unknown. Compared to other oncoviruses, there are proven tools including vaccine and screening that can not only prevent HPV-associated cancers but potentially eliminate them.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, USA

    Brittney L. Dickey, Jennifer M. Binning & Julie Rathwell

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  1. Brittney L. Dickey
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  2. Jennifer M. Binning
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  3. Julie Rathwell
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Correspondence to Brittney L. Dickey .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery and Melanoma Center, California Pacific Medical Center and Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Stanley P. Leong

  2. Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA

    S. David Nathanson

  3. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA

    Jonathan S. Zager

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Dickey, B.L., Binning, J.M., Rathwell, J. (2022). HPV-Induced Cancers. In: Leong, S.P., Nathanson, S.D., Zager, J.S. (eds) Cancer Metastasis Through the Lymphovascular System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93084-4_72

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