Abstract
In solving any problem of geological exploration, it is essential to use a holistic approach, that is, to consider the integration of the parts or components subject to investigation. As a rule, these components characterize the “macro” geological–geophysical–geochemical aspects (large, more evident and better accepted) and the “micro” ones (small, less evident, and little accepted). Usually, for the study of the latter, the so-called non-conventional geophysical–geochemical exploration methods are used. In the particular case of oil and gas exploration, the nucleus of the “micro” aspects is characterized by the microseepage of light hydrocarbons, with a vertical nature on the gas–oil accumulations, as well as, by the modifications that occur in the superficial medium as a result of it. Thus, the problem lies in the need of detection and mapping of microseepage, complementing the conventional methods with a valuable information: the possible hydrocarbon charge in a seismic structure and/or the presence of subtle stratigraphic traps. Also, it is of interest to know the geological–structural framework where microseepage occurs. The non-seismic exploration methods used in Cuba are: remote sensing, gravimetry, aeromagnetometry, airborne gamma spectrometry (AGS) and morphometry (non-conventional, from the Digital Elevation Model 90 × 90 m). The AGS also classifies, as a non-conventional geophysical–geochemical method, together with the Redox Complex. In the work, gravimetry, aeromagnetometry, and morphometry at a scale of 1:50,000, AGS at a scale of 1:100,000, and ASTER and LANDSAT satellite images (with 15 and 30 m resolution, respectively) are processed. The purposes of the referred complex of methods are to reduce areas, increasing the effectiveness of exploration with a decrease in its risks. From the implementation of these methods, perspective sectors for oil and gas are obtained once the integration with geology and seismic has been carried out. The work presents a brief theoretical account of the methods and, as practical results, a set of perspective sectors of possible interest for exploration.
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Abbreviations
- AGS:
-
Airborne gamma spectrometry
- DEM:
-
Digital elevation model
- NSNCEM:
-
Non-seismic and non-conventional exploration methods
- NCGGEM:
-
Non-conventional geophysical–geochemical exploration methods
- AC:
-
Anomalous complex
- It:
-
Total gamma intensity
- Gb:
-
Gravimetry
- DT:
-
Aeromagnetometry
- RS:
-
Remote sensing
- RSR:
-
Reduced spectral reflectance
- AAC:
-
Ascending analytical continuation
- GbVD:
-
First vertical derivative of gravity field
- GbTHD:
-
Total horizontal derivative of gravity field
- TSU:
-
Tectonostratigraphic unit
- RGM:
-
Response generalized model
- DTrp (RP):
-
Reduced to the pole magnetic field
- DTrpVD:
-
First vertical derivative of reduced to the pole magnetic field
- DTrpTHD:
-
Total horizontal derivative of reduced to the pole magnetic field
- TDR:
-
Magnetic field inclination derivative
- MMI:
-
Metal mobile ion
- OC2:
-
Oeste de Ceballos 2
- OC1:
-
Oeste de Ceballos 1
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Centro de Investigación del Petróleo and its Technical Archive for allowing the publication of non-confidential information on their research, as well as to Dr. Reinaldo Rojas Consuegra, to Dr. Juan Guillermo López Rivera, to Dr. Evelio Linares Cala and M.Sc. Orelvis Delgado López, researchers at this institution, for the exhaustive and rigorous review of the manuscript.
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Pardo Echarte, M.E., Rodríguez Morán, O., Morales González, J., Jiménez de la Fuente, L. (2022). Non-seismic and Non-conventional Exploration Methods for Oil and Gas in Cuba: Perspective Sectors. In: Geological-Structural Mapping and Favorable Sectors for Oil and Gas in Cuba . SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92975-6_1
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