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Linking the Neural Correlates of Addiction and Negative Urgency

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Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions

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Abstract

Negative urgency (NUR), the tendency to act rashly in the face of negative emotion, is a unique predictor of alcohol and substance use. Over the past two decades, researchers have assiduously investigated underlying neural correlates associated with NUR to better inform possible treatment. This chapter reviews research that shows that NUR plays a role in alcohol use throughout the life span and at all stages of addiction, from children and adolescents during initiation of alcohol consumption through college-aged adults who are both social and binge drinkers, active AUD populations, and during abstinence and treatment. These findings have prompted numerous investigations into neural mechanisms linked to both NUR and alcohol use disorder (AUD), revealing distinct structures and activity underlying both trait impulsivity and alcohol consumption. This review highlights regions of the brain associated with top-down inhibitory control, detection of and orientation to salient environmental and internal stimuli, introspection, and reward evaluation. The primary goal of this chapter is to identify effects of NUR across the multiple stages of addiction and in healthy participants, as well as contributing neural mechanisms. Identifying how the influence of particular neurotransmitter systems or brain regions on NUR and AUD may evolve over time would inform best stage-based treatment practices.

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Abbreviations

(rs)fMRI:

(Resting state) Functional magnetic resonance imaging

5HT:

Serotonin

5HTTLPR:

Serotonin transporter linked promoter region

ACC:

Anterior cingulate cortex

AIC:

Anterior insular cortex

ALFF:

Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations

AMG:

Amygdala

AUD:

Alcohol use disorder

BOLD:

Blood oxygenation level density

CRF:

Corticotrophin releasing factor

DA:

Dopamine

dlPFC:

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

DMN:

Default mode network

dmPFC:

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex

DRD2:

Dopamine receptor D2

FC:

Functional connectivity

GABA:

γ-aminobutyric acid

GABRA2:

γ-aminobutyric acid receptor A2

GD:

Gambling disorder

HPA:

Hypothalamus pituitary adrenal

IFG:

Inferior frontal gyrus

IGT:

Iowa gambling task

IPL:

Inferior parietal lobe

MAO:

Monoamine oxidase

mOFC:

Medial orbitofrontal cortex

MSN:

Medium spiny neurons

NAcc:

Nucleus accumbens

NT:

Neurotransmitter

NUR:

Negative urgency

OFC:

Orbitofrontal cortex

PCC:

Posterior cortex

PFC:

Prefrontal cortex

PTSD:

Post-traumatic stress disorder

RECN:

Right executive control network

SAL:

Salience

SERT:

Serotonin transporter

SSRT:

Serial reaction time task

SUD:

Substance use disorder

vmPFC:

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Meredith Halcomb & Karmen Yoder

  2. Department of Psychology, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Melissa Cyders

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  1. Meredith Halcomb
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  2. Karmen Yoder
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  3. Melissa Cyders
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Correspondence to Melissa Cyders .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Halcomb, M., Yoder, K., Cyders, M. (2022). Linking the Neural Correlates of Addiction and Negative Urgency. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92392-1_30

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