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Systemic Regulation of Acid-Base Metabolism

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Renal Tubular Acidosis in Children

Abstract

In this chapter, systemic acid-base physiological mechanisms are discussed. Understanding of these mechanisms is necessary to comprehend basic systemic hydrogen and bicarbonate ions transportation through the body fluids, as well as the lungs and kidneys. These organs comprised the pulmonary and metabolic components of acid-base physiology. Carbon dioxide (CO2), produced by the body cells, is transported and expelled into the lungs, in exchange by O2. CO2 is dissolved in water, where it binds to a hydrogen ion (H+) molecule to form carbon dioxide (H2CO3), and then bicarbonate (H2CO3−). Serum bicarbonate is the most important buffer of the extracellular fluid (ECF). Hydrogen ions are excreted by the kidneys. Acid-base defense mechanisms, namely metabolic acidosis and alkalosis and, respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are reviewed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Central Norte, Servicios Medicos de Petroleos Mexicanos, Mexico City, Mexico

    Javier Zamora-García

  2. Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

    Javier Zamora-García

  3. Retired from: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hemodialysis Unit, The Children’s Hospital at Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA

    Ricardo Muñoz

  4. Retired from: Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico

    Ricardo Muñoz

  5. Retired from: Research Division, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico

    Ricardo Muñoz

  6. Retired from: National System of Investigators, Level I, Mexico City, Mexico

    Ricardo Muñoz

  7. Retired from: North American Pediatric Renal Transplantation Collaborative Study (NAPRTCS) Study, Woburn, MA, USA

    Ricardo Muñoz

Authors
  1. Javier Zamora-García
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  2. Ricardo Muñoz
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico

    Ricardo Muñoz

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Zamora-García, J., Muñoz, R. (2022). Systemic Regulation of Acid-Base Metabolism. In: Muñoz, R. (eds) Renal Tubular Acidosis in Children. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91940-5_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91940-5_1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-91939-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-91940-5

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