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Heavy Metals in Surficial Sediment from Bidong Island, Southern South China Sea

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Bidong Island

Part of the book series: Geography of the Physical Environment ((GEOPHY))

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Abstract

The toxicity of heavy metals in the marine environment has been one of the primary deliberate among scientists around the world in recent years. Heavy metals are mainly derived anthropogenic from industrial and human activities and are significant pollutants in our environment due to the metals toxicity, prolonged existence and bioaccumulation problems. Hence, the distribution of selected heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr and Fe) in surficial sediments collected using Smith McIntyre was determined to gather the pollution status of Bidong Island waters. The heavy metals content was determined by Inductive Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after digested in mixed acid in Teflon Bomb digester. The findings revealed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals were Zn (61.3 ± 9.36 µg/g), Cd (0.15 ± 0.06 µg/g), Pb (20.5 ± 5.36 µg/g), Cu (19.3 ± 5.78 µg/g), Cr (47.0 ± 16.1 µg/g) and Fe (4.21 ± 1.41%), respectively. Contamination status was evaluated using two assessments, namely enrichment factors (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). Results show that all the metals studied had relatively low average value for both contamination assessment, except for a few stations located between the mainland and the island. Based on the finding, the concentration of heavy metals studied in sediment off Bidong Island waters has been preconditioned by both anthropogenic and natural inputs into the marine environment.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge their gratitude to the anonymous reviewers who gave freely time and effort, constructive recommendations that enhanced the value of this manuscript. The authors also wish to express their gratitude to Oceanography Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment staff for their invaluable assistance and providing the facilities to carry out the research. The authors also would like to thank to Institute of Oceanography and Environment technical staff for the heavy metals detection using ICP-MS.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Ong Meng Chuan & Adiana Ghazali

  2. Institute of Oceanography & Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Ong Meng Chuan, Noor Azhar Mohamed Shazili & Joseph Bidai

  3. Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology (OPEC) Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Ong Meng Chuan

  4. Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Khairul Nizam Mohamed

Authors
  1. Ong Meng Chuan
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  2. Adiana Ghazali
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  3. Noor Azhar Mohamed Shazili
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  4. Joseph Bidai
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  5. Khairul Nizam Mohamed
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ong Meng Chuan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Ong Meng Chuan

  2. Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Melissa Beata Martin

  3. Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Mohd Yusoff Nurulnadia

  4. Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Wahizatul Afzan Azmi

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Chuan, O.M., Ghazali, A., Mohamed Shazili, N.A., Bidai, J., Mohamed, K.N. (2022). Heavy Metals in Surficial Sediment from Bidong Island, Southern South China Sea. In: Chuan, O.M., Martin, M.B., Nurulnadia, M.Y., Afzan Azmi, W. (eds) Bidong Island. Geography of the Physical Environment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91924-5_19

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