Abstract
Sleep is a basic, natural, and easily reversible periodic phenomenon characterized by a diminished level of awareness, reduced response to the sensory input, and executive motor output with minimal interaction of the body with the external world. It has a fundamental role in maintaining our memory and enhancing our cognitive performance. Sleep is classified into non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM). In this chapter, we review these types of sleep and explain the characteristics of each of them. Also, we discuss the main structures that involve sleep phenomena and how the circadian rhythm maintains it. Then we point out most sleep disorders that occur according to ICSD-3 and how to recognize them. After that, we discuss the other prominent phenomena that occur during sleep: dreams and recognize a special type called lucid dreaming. The relation between sleep, dream, and consciousness was also mentioned. Lastly, we indicate the association between dreams and psychological disorders and what is different in these dreams.
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Saleh, S.A. (2022). Sleep and Dreaming. In: Hashim, H.T., Alexiou, A. (eds) The Psychology of Consciousness: Theory and Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90692-4_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90692-4_4
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