Abstract
Understanding the biological effects of laser irradiation on human skin is a key to avoiding complications in laser treatment. The molecular effects of different ablative and non-ablative laser treatments on human skin cells—especially the direct effects on epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts—are not yet fully understood. Therefore, to supplement the previous findings, which mostly came from clinical observations and histological examinations of patient skin biopsies, a novel in vitro 3D skin model for the investigation of effects of laser irradiation on human skin was developed, which for the first time enables a standardized investigation of time-dependent molecular changes after laser treatment. Using this 3D model system, morphological and molecular changes caused directly by fractional ablative CO2- or Er:YAG or non-ablative Er:glass laser treatment in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts at different points in time.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Suggested Reading
Amann PM, Marquardt Y, Steiner T, et al. Effects of non-ablative fractional erbium glass laser treatment on gene regulation in human three-dimensional skin models. Lasers Med Sci. 2016;31:397–404.
Bullard KM, Mudgett J, Scheuenstuhl H, et al. Stromelysin-1-deficient fibroblasts display impaired contraction in vitro. J Surg Res. 1999;84:31–4.
Cho SB, Lee SJ, Cho S, et al. Non-ablative 1550-nm erbium-glass and ablative 10 600-nm carbon dioxide fractional lasers for acne scars: a randomized split-face study with blinded response evaluation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24:921–5.
Choi SH, Kim KH, Song KH. Efficacy of ablative fractional laser-assisted photodynamic therapy with short-incubation time for the treatment of facial and scalp actinic keratosis: 12-month follow-up results of a randomized, prospective, comparative trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29:1598–605.
Eckhart L, Declercq W, Ban J, et al. Terminal differentiation of human keratinocytes and stratum corneum formation is associated with caspase-14 activation. J Invest Dermatol. 2000;115:1148–51.
Filippini M, Del Duca E, Negosanti F, et al. Fractional CO2 laser: from skin rejuvenation to vulvo-vaginal reshaping. Photomed Laser Surg. 2017;35(3):171–5.
Gauglitz GG, Bureik D, Zwicker S, et al. The antimicrobial peptides psoriasin (S100A7) and koebnerisin (S100A15) suppress extracellular matrix production and proliferation of human fibroblasts. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2015;28:115–23.
Guimaraes PA, Haddad A, Sabino Neto M, et al. Striae distensae after breast augmentation: treatment using the nonablative fractionated 1550-nm erbium glass laser. Plastic Reconstr Surg. 2013;131:636–42.
Gye J, Ahn SK, Kwon JE, et al. Use of fractional CO2 laser decreases the risk of skin cancer development during ultraviolet exposure in hairless mice. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41:378–86.
Hantash BM, Bedi VP, Kapadia B, et al. In vivo histological evaluation of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device. Lasers Surg Med. 2007;39:96–107.
Helbig D, Paasch U. Molecular changes during skin aging and wound healing after fractional ablative photothermolysis. Skin Res Technol. 2011;17:119–28.
Helbig D, Mobius A, Simon JC, et al. Heat shock protein 70 expression patterns in dermal explants in response to ablative fractional phothothermolysis, microneedle, or scalpel wounding. Wounds. 2011;23:59–67.
Hultman CS, Friedstat JS, Edkins RE, et al. Laser resurfacing and remodeling of hypertrophic burn scars: the results of a large, prospective, before-after cohort study, with long-term follow-up. Ann Surg. 2014;260:519–29; discussion 529–32.
Ko DY, Jeon SY, Kim KH, et al. Fractional erbium: YAG laser-assisted photodynamic therapy for facial actinic keratoses: a randomized, comparative, prospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014;28:1529–39.
Lee GY, Lee SJ, Kim WS. The effect of a 1550 nm fractional erbium-glass laser in female pattern hair loss. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011;25:1450–4.
Majid I, Imran S. Fractional CO2 laser resurfacing as monotherapy in the treatment of atrophic facial acne scars. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2014;7:87–92.
Moneib H, Tawfik AA, Youssef SS, et al. Randomized split-face controlled study to evaluate 1550-nm fractionated erbium glass laser for treatment of acne vulgaris—an image analysis evaluation. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40:1191–200.
Omi T, Numano K. The role of the CO2 laser and fractional CO2 laser in dermatology. Laser Ther. 2014;23:49–60.
Orringer JS, Rittié L, Baker D, et al. Molecular mechanisms of nonablative fractionated laser resurfacing. Br J Dermatol. 2010;163:757–68.
Orringer JS, Rittie L, Hamilton T, et al. Intraepidermal erbium:YAG laser resurfacing: impact on the dermal matrix. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64:119–28.
Orringer JS, Sachs DL, Shao Y, et al. Direct quantitative comparison of molecular responses in photodamaged human skin to fractionated and fully ablative carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38:1668–77.
Puri N. A study on fractional erbium glass laser therapy versus chemical peeling for the treatment of melasma in female patients. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2013;6:148–51.
Reno F, Grazianetti P, Stella M, et al. Release and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 during in vitro mechanical compression in hypertrophic scars. Arch Dermatol. 2002;138:475–8.
Sardana K, Manjhi M, Garg VK, et al. Which type of atrophic acne scar (ice-pick, boxcar, or rolling) responds to nonablative fractional laser therapy? Dermatol Surg. 2014;40:288–300.
Schmitt L, Amann PM, Marquardt Y, et al. Molecular effects of fractional ablative erbium:YAG laser treatment with multiple stacked pulses on standardized human three-dimensional organotypic skin models. Lasers Med Sci. 2017;32:805–14.
Sklar LR, Burnett CT, Waibel JS, et al. Laser assisted drug delivery: a review of an evolving technology. Lasers Surg Med. 2014;46:249–62.
Taudorf EH, Danielsen PL, Paulsen IF, et al. Non-ablative fractional laser provides long-term improvement of mature burn scars—a randomized controlled trial with histological assessment. Lasers Surg Med. 2015;47:141–7.
Togsverd-Bo K, Haak CS, Thaysen-Petersen D, et al. Intensified photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses with fractional CO2 laser: a randomized clinical trial. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166:1262–9.
Tretti Clementoni M, Galimberti M, Tourlaki A, et al. Random fractional ultrapulsed CO2 resurfacing of photodamaged facial skin: long-term evaluation. Lasers Med Sci. 2013;28:643–50.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schmitt, L., Huth, S., Baron, J.M. (2022). Understanding the Biological Effects of Ablative and Non-Ablative Laser Systems in the Skin as Key to Avoiding Complications. In: Kautz, G. (eds) Energy for the Skin. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90680-1_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90680-1_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-90679-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-90680-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)