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Tropical Cyclones and Coastal Vulnerability: Assessment and Mitigation

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Geospatial Technologies for Land and Water Resources Management

Part of the book series: Water Science and Technology Library ((WSTL,volume 103))

Abstract

Tropical cyclone (TC) landfalls are among the most damaging natural disasters. The North Indian Ocean (NIO) experiences ~12% of all cyclones every year. TC damage is primarily due to high wind gusts, rainfall, storm surges, waves and coastal flooding which pose serious risks to life, property and coastal ecosystems. Extreme wave activities, vegetation loss due to gale winds and saltwater intrusion during coastal inundation cause coastal erosion and turn agricultural land infertile over extended periods of time. The rate of TC devastation also depends on coastal Land Use and Land Cover (LULC: vegetation density, barren lands, agricultural fields, etc.). TCs in turn change the LULC and soil characteristics, thus modulating the land surface properties. The extent of physical and social vulnerability due to TCs are directly associated with population density, coastal infrastructure and TC frequency and intensity. Improved forecast and advanced preparedness are crucial to reduction in TC related fatalities with early risk assessment being key to disaster mitigation. The coastal vulnerability and impact of land-falling TCs in the NIO were analyzed. Assessment frameworks, observational tools and mitigation strategies were reviewed and critical factors for better disaster preparedness and mitigation of TC impacts in the coastal regions were identified.

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Acknowledgements

The various organizations and data centres like IMD, ISRO, NOAA, JTWC, EM-DAT, CIESIN-Columbia University and several others are gratefully acknowledged for free accessibility to the various data sets forming part of the work. All literature cited in the text has been duly referenced. The author also thankfully acknowledges IIT Bhubaneswar for facilitating the completion of the work.

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  1. School of Earth, Ocean and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India

    Debadatta Swain

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  1. Debadatta Swain
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

    Ashish Pandey

  2. Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre (MNCFC), Delhi, India

    V. M. Chowdary

  3. Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India

    Mukunda Dev Behera

  4. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    V. P. Singh

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Swain, D. (2022). Tropical Cyclones and Coastal Vulnerability: Assessment and Mitigation. In: Pandey, A., Chowdary, V.M., Behera, M.D., Singh, V.P. (eds) Geospatial Technologies for Land and Water Resources Management. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 103. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90479-1_30

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