Abstract
Dramatic changes took place in the economic and demographic development of Siberia in the post-Soviet period, following the changes in the political and economic situation in the country. Geodemographic interactions with adjacent territories, due to the differences in respective potentials, changed the pattern of human settlement in Siberia. The quality and standard of the population living in Siberia is estimated using the human development index. We combined different territorial levels of the analysis to identify the features of socio-economic transformations, i.e., of the all-Siberian mega-region and individual subjects of the Federation. The issues of the development asymmetry in the Far North of Russia as key positions of the Russian economy, the importance of Arctic as a global environmental resource, strategic role of the North in ensuring national security and geopolitical interests of the state are identified. In the transboundary region of the Great Altai, we considered the interaction of the Altai Krai (Russia) and the East Kazakhstan Region (Kazakhstan) in detail. The transboundary development axis is designed to create a multiplier effect, an increase in employment and living standards, and an increase in competitiveness of products. We assess transformation processes in nomadic society as a result of the transition to market relations and changes in “feeding” landscape. In this research, exacerbating problems of alternation of the traditional methods of managing a nomad economy, increasing anthropogenic load on natural systems, are examined. The trends in the development of socio-economic and demographic processes in the context of globalization indicate an increase in transformation processes in Siberia and the Far East, and the development of integration processes in the economy.
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Abbreviations
- Gross regional product (GRP) :
-
is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a region or subdivision of a country in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.
- Regional asymmetry :
-
represents features of regional differentiation, objectively determined and stable in time and space, manifesting as inter-regional gaps (deviations) according to the most important socio-economic indicators.
- Human development index :
-
is an integral indicator calculated for inter-regional comparison and measurement of living standard, literacy, education and longevity as the main characteristics of the human development of the territory under consideration.
- Transboundary region :
-
is the adjacent border territories of states characterized by a certain natural, economic, socio-cultural, ethnic unity.
- The Mongolian Plateau :
-
is a large subregion of Central Asia, the territory densely populated by the Mongolian ethnic group, including those living in the Russian Federation, and in the province of China—the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the entire territory of Mongolia.
- “feeding” landscape :
-
is a place of residence for ethnic groups and landscapes that give it “food”, as well as a designation of economic opportunities that exist in the natural conditions of the territory of the living ethnic group.
- Desertification :
-
is land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry humid areas as a result of various factors, including climate change and human impact.
- Nomadic cattle breeding :
-
was a harmonious system of nomadic animal husbandry, associated with the movement of the cattleman from place to place with livestock and all his property, when yurts of various sizes and purposes served as mobile housing.
- Traditional nature management :
-
is historically developed and non-exhaustive ways of using objects of the animal and plant world, land, and other natural resources.
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Vorobyev, N.V. et al. (2022). Socio-Economic and Demographic Transformations of Post-soviet Siberia. In: Bocharnikov, V.N., Steblyanskaya, A.N. (eds) Humans in the Siberian Landscapes. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90061-8_13
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