Abstract
Ghana, a coastal West African country, is heavily dependent on fish as a source of dietary protein. Its small-scale fishing industry supplies about 70% of total marine fish landed locally, targeting small pelagic species. High demand for fish, the open-access nature of the fishery, excess fishing effort, climate change, and illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing have led to a steep decline in landings. An initial top-down fisheries management approach, coupled with a lack of political will to enforce fisheries regulations and poor fisheries regulation enforcement, left fishers feeling disenfranchised. They felt discriminated against, left out, and marginalized at various levels of the decision-making process. This sense of exclusion has led to conflicts between small-scale fishers and other fisheries sectors, as well as with state regulatory agencies over the years. To address these challenges, the government of Ghana recently adopted a collaborative co-management approach in fisheries that recognizes and promotes participation from all stakeholders in the fisheries sector. Closed fishing seasons for both the artisanal and industrial fishing sectors were successfully implemented 2019 and 2021, with full compliance by fishers. These recent interventions have led to greater support for fisheries regulations and greater consensus building in stakeholder consultations. This chapter looks at the nature of Ghana’s small-scale fisheries, conflicts, (in)justice, fisheries management processes, and recent efforts at a more participatory approach. It also gives suggestions for improvement and sustainability of co-management processes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abane H (2015) Community based management of artisanal marine fish resources in the Western Region of Ghana: Issues , challenges and the way forward 1. J Arts Soc Sci 3:98–122
Aheto DW, Okyere I, Asare NK et al (2020) Fish species transshipped at sea (Saiko fish) in Ghana with a note on implications for marine conservation. Res Sq:1–18. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-41329/v1
Aklorbortu DK (2020) Canoe fishermen to embark on protest against “saiko” fishing. In: Graph. Online. https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/canoe-fishermen-to-embark-on-protest-against-saiko-fishing.html. Accessed 14 Aug 2020
Alabi–Doku BN, Chen S, Ampofo-Yeboah A, Asiedu B (2020) Ghana’s fisheries policies; evolution and performance. Asian J Fish Aquat Res:11–22. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2020/v7i130107
Ameyaw GA (2017) Managing conflicts in the marine fisheries sectors in Ghana. University of Wollongong
Asare C, Nortey DDN, Lazar N et al (2015) Results of field survey for the small pelagic fisheries profile. Narragansett, RI
Ashitey E, Archibald D (2019) Ghana fish and seafood report. Accra
Atta-Mills J, Alder J, Sumaila UR (2004) The decline of a regional fishing nation: the case of Ghana and West Africa. Nat Resour Forum 28:13–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0165-0203.2004.00068.x
Bakun A (2006) Wasp-waist populations and marine ecosystem dynamics: navigating the “predator pit” topographies. Prog Oceanogr 68:271–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2006.02.004
Bank of Ghana (2008) The fishing sub-sector and Ghana’s economy. Accra, Ghana
Béné C (2003) When fishery rhymes with poverty: a first step beyond the old paradigm on poverty. World Dev 31:949–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00045-7
Bennett E, Neiland A, Anang E et al (2001) Towards a better understanding of conflict management in tropical fisheries: evidence from Ghana, Bangladesh and the Carribean. Mar Policy 25:365–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(01)00022-7
Bennett NJ, Blythe J, White CS, Campero C (2021) Blue growth and blue justice: ten risks and solutions for the ocean economy. Mar Policy 125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104387
Braimah LI (2009) Lessons from previous experience of co-management initiatives in fisheries in Ghana. Accra
Castro K, Skrobe L, Asare C, Kankam S (2017) Synthesis of scientific and local knowledge on Sardinella species in Ghana. The USAID/Ghana Sustainable Fisheries Management Project (SFMP), Narragansett
Chuenpagdee R, Jentoft S (2015) Exploring challenges in small-scale fisheries governance. In: Jentoft S, Chuenpagdee R (eds) Interactive governance for small-scale fisheries. MARE Publi, Springer, pp 3–16
Coastal Resources Center (2011) Annual report. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island. USAID Integrated Coastal and Fisheries Governance Initiative for the Western Region, Ghana
Coastal Resources Center (2015) SFMP Progress Report, October 1 to December 31, 2015. USAID/Ghana Sustainable Fisheries Management Project. Narragansett, RI: Coastal Resources Center, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island. GH2014_PGM052_CRC. Narragansett, RI
Dovlo EK, Amador K, Nkrumah B (2016) Report on the 2016 Ghana marine canoe frame survey. Accra
Doyi BA (1984) Catalogue of small-scale fishing gear of Ghana. Rome
Entsua-Mensah M, Ofori-Danson PK, Koranteng KA (2000) Management issues for the sustainable use of lagoon fish resources. In: Abban EK, Casal CMV, Falk TM, Pullin RSV (eds) Biodiversity and sustainable use of fish in the coastal zone. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 63, p 71
Environmental Justice Foundation (2019) Stolen at sea: How illegal ‘saiko’ fishing is fuelling the collapse of Ghana’s fisheries. https://ejfoundation.org/reports/stolen-at-sea. Accessed 1 Sept 2020
Environmental Justice Foundation (2020) The “people’s” fishery on the brink of collapse: small pelagics in landings of Ghana’s industrial trawl fleet, London
FAO (2012) Voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the context of National Food Security. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
FAO (2018a) The state of the world fisheries and aquaculture 2018-meeting the sustainable development goals. FAO, Rome
FAO (2018b) Voluntary guidelines for securing sustainable small-scale fisheries in the context of food security and poverty eradication, 2nd edn. FAO, San Salvador
FAO (2020) The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. FAO, Rome
Fisheries Committee for the West Central Gulf of Guinea (2020) PESCAO: Improving fisheries governance in Western Africa. https://fcwc-fish.org/projects/pescao. Accessed 22 Aug 2020
Government of Ghana (2002) Fisheries Act, 2002. Assembly Press, Accra
Hasselberg AE, Aakre I, Scholtens J et al (2020) Fish for food and nutrition security in Ghana: challenges and opportunities. Glob Food Sec 26:100380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100380
Hen Mpoano (2017) Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing: The “Saiko” Story. Issue Br. 4
Jentoft S, Eide A, Bavinck M et al (2011) A better future: prospects for small-scale fishing people. In: Jentoft S, Eide A (eds) Poverty mosaics: realities and prospects in small-scale fisheries. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 451–470
Kassah JE (2020) Aspects of the biology and length-based assessment of the chub mackerel Scomber colias (Scombridae) stock off the coast of Ghana. University of Cape Coast
Kraan M (2009) Creating space for fishermen’s livelihoods : Anlo-Ewe beach seine fishermen’s negotiations for livelihood space within multiple governance structures in Ghana. University of Amsterdam
Kudu I (2017) Rioting fishermen disrupt inauguration of volunteer group. http://greenghanaian.org/author/isaac-kudu/. Accessed 13 Aug 2020
Kwadjosse T (2009) The law of the sea : impacts on the conservation and Management of Fisheries Resources of developing coastal states – the Ghana case study
Lawson RM (1968) The transition of Ghana’s fishing from a primitive to a mechanised industry. Trans Hist Soc Ghana 9:90–104
Lazar N, Yankson K, Blay J, et al (2016) Rebuilding depleted small pelagic stocks in Ghana. A closed fishing season proposal to the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development. The scientific and technical working group. The USAID/Ghana sustainable fisheries management project (SFMP). Narragansett
Lazar N, Yankson K, Blay J, et al (2017) Status of the small pelagic stocks in Ghana – 2016. Scientific and technical working group. USAID/Ghana sustainable fisheries management project (SFMP). Coastal resources center, graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island. GH2014_ACT150_C. Narragansett
Lazar N, Yankson K, Blay J, et al (2018) Status of the small pelagic stocks in Ghana and recommendations to achieve sustainable fishing 2017. Scientific and technical working group. USAID/Ghana Sustainable Fisheries Management Project (SFMP). Coastal Resources Center, Graduate School of Oceanogr. Narragansett
Lee KH, Noh J, Khim JS (2020) The blue economy and the United Nations’ sustainable development goals: challenges and opportunities. Environ Int 137:6
MoFAD (2015) Fisheries Management Plan of Ghana. A National Policy for the Management of the Marine Fisheries Sector 2015-2019. Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Accra
MoFAD (2018a) 2017 Annual Report. Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Accra
MoFAD (2018b) Strategy on anti-child labour and trafficking in fisheries. Towards the eradication of child labour and trafficking in Ghanaian fishing communities. Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Accra
MoFAD (2019) Policy framework on fisheries co-management. Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Accra
Nunoo FKE, Boateng JO, Ahulu AM et al (2009) When trash fish is treasure: the case of Ghana in West Africa. Fish Res 96:167–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2008.10.010
Nunoo FKE, Asiedu B, Olauson J, Intsiful G (2015) Achieving sustainable fisheries management: a critical look at traditional fisheries management in the marine artisanal fisheries of Ghana, West Africa. JENRM 2:15–23
Nunoo FKE, Asiedu B, Olauson J, Instsiful G (2018) Achieving sustainable fisheries management: a critical look at traditional fisheries management in the marine artisanal fisheries of Ghana, West Africa. J Energy Nat Resour Manag 1:15–23. https://doi.org/10.26796/jenrm.v2i0.40
Odotei I (1992) The migration of Ghanian women in the canoe fishing industry. Marit Stud 5:88–95
Okusu JS (2020) Co-management and traditional fisheries: the case of Fante fishers in Elmina. University of Tromsø, Ghana
Overå R (1993) Wives and traders: women’s careers in Ghanaian canoe fisheries. MAST Marit Anthropol Stud 6:110–135
Overå R (2001) Institutions, mobility and resilience in the Fante migratory fisheries of West Africa. Bergen
Satia BP, Horemans B (1993) Workshop on conflicts in coastal fisheries in West Africa, Cotonou, Benin, 24–26 November 1993. In: Satia BP, Horemans B (eds) Programme for integrated development of artisanal fisheries in West Africa, Technical report no. 53. FAO, Cotonou, p 64
The World Bank Group (2020) Ghana – Fisheries Sub-Sector Capacity Building Project (English). https://documents.worldbank.org/pt/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/498231468771629817/ghana-fisheries-sub-sector-capacity-building-project. Accessed 25 Aug 2020
Tsamenyi M (2013) Analysis of the adequacy of the legislative framework in Ghana to support fisheries co-management and suggestions for a way forward. Coastal resources center, University of Rhode Island. USAID integrated coastal and fisheries governance program for the Western Region of Ghana., Narragansett
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kassah, J.E., Asare, C. (2022). Conflicts in the Artisanal Fishing Industry of Ghana: Reactions of Fishers to Regulatory Measures. In: Jentoft, S., Chuenpagdee, R., Bugeja Said, A., Isaacs, M. (eds) Blue Justice. MARE Publication Series, vol 26. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89624-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89624-9_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-89623-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-89624-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)