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Sewage Sludge Recycling and Disposal

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Solid Waste Engineering and Management

Part of the book series: Handbook of Environmental Engineering ((HEE,volume 24))

Abstract

This chapter introduces the potential recycling of sewage sludge in landfill cover application. The subtopic includes the generation and properties of sewage sludge as well as the current practices on sludge handling, treatment, and management. Since 2000, the recycling of sewage sludge has gained interest around the world in order to manage the sludge sustainably and economically. Nevertheless, sludge modification is required to stabilize and enhance the mechanical and geotechnical performance of the sludge. The leaching behavior was also studied in order to address the short- and long-term environmental effects of using the modified sludge for various applications.

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Abbreviations

Al:

Aluminum

As:

Arsenic

Ca:

Calcium

CaO:

Quicklime

Ca(OH)2:

Hydrated lime

CaSO4:

Gypsum

Cd:

Cadmium

Co:

Cobalt

Cr:

Chromium

CH:

Portlandite

CH4:

Methane

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2:

Carbon dioxide

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

CP:

Coir pith

CS:

Construction sludge

CSH:

Calcium silicate hydrate

C2S:

Belite

C3S:

Alite

C u :

Uniformity coefficient

C c :

Curvature coefficient

Dc:

Degree of compaction

EDX:

Energy dispersive X-ray

FA:

Fly ash

Fe:

Iron

FeSO4:

Iron sulfate

Fe(OH)2:

Iron hydroxide

H2SO4:

Sulfuric acid

Hg:

Mercury

IO:

Inorganic

K:

Potassium

LOI:

Loss on ignition

Mg:

Magnesium

MLSS:

Mixed liquor-suspended solid

ŋ :

Porosity (%)

N:

Nitrogen

Ni:

Nickel

ρ d :

Dry density (g/cm3)

ρ dmax :

Maximum dry density (g/cm3)

ρ s :

Density of the particles (g/cm3)

P:

Phosphorus

PE:

Population equivalent

Pb:

Lead

PTEs:

Potentially toxic elements

S:

Sulfur

SAC:

Sulphoaluminate cement

SBR:

Sequenced batch reactor

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

Si:

Silica

SS:

Sewage sludge

SS:

Suspended solid

SSA:

Sewage sludge ash

TC:

Tire chips

TDA:

Tire derived aggregate

USEPA:

US Environmental Protection Agency

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

XRF:

X-ray fluorescence

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Nor Azalina Rosli & Leonard Lim Lik Pueh

  2. School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Hamidi Abdul Aziz & Mohamad Razip Selamat

  3. Solid Waste Management Cluster, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Hamidi Abdul Aziz

  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Yung-Tse Hung

Authors
  1. Nor Azalina Rosli
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  2. Hamidi Abdul Aziz
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  3. Mohamad Razip Selamat
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  4. Leonard Lim Lik Pueh
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  5. Yung-Tse Hung
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nor Azalina Rosli .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Latham, NY, USA

    Lawrence K. Wang

  2. Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Latham, NY, USA

    Mu-Hao Sung Wang

  3. Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Yung-Tse Hung

Glossary

Glossary

Composting:

A biological decomposition of solid organic materials by bacteria, fungi, and other organisms into a soil-like product.

Heavy Metals:

Trace elements whose concentrations are regulated because of the potential toxicity to humans, animals or plants (includes copper, nickel, cadmium, lead, mercury and zinc if present in excessive amounts).

Hydraulic Binder:

Substances that chemically react with water, by converting the water-binder system with plastic consistency into a solid matrix with the ability to agglomerate other solid materials.

Incineration:

A process of burning solid waste under controlled conditions to reduce its weight and volume, and often to produce energy.

Pyrolysis:

Chemical decomposition of a substance by heat in the absence of oxygen, resulting in various hydrocarbon gases and carbon-like residue.

Recycling:

The process of transforming materials into raw materials for manufacturing new products, which may or may not be similar to the original product.

Sanitary Landfill:

An engineered method for disposing solid waste on land, in a manner that meets most of the standard specifications, including siting, proper leachate and gas management, monitoring, landfill cover, complete access control, and record-keeping.

Secure Landfill:

A disposal facility designed to permanently isolate wastes from the environment which entails burial of the wastes in a landfill that includes clay or synthetic liners, leachate collection, gas collection, and impermeable cover.

Sewage Sludge:

Sewage sludge is a mixture of solids and water produced during the treatment of wastewater or sewage.

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Rosli, N.A., Aziz, H.A., Selamat, M.R., Pueh, L.L.L., Hung, YT. (2022). Sewage Sludge Recycling and Disposal. In: Wang, L.K., Wang, MH.S., Hung, YT. (eds) Solid Waste Engineering and Management. Handbook of Environmental Engineering, vol 24. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89336-1_6

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