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Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Tools

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New Horizons in Osteoporosis Management

Abstract

Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease in humans. Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk. In most cases, osteoporosis is asymptomatic until fracture occurs, yet it can be diagnosed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Unfortunately, only a minority of men and women receives treatment even after sustaining a fragility fracture. The reason for this large treatment gap (the difference between the number of individuals at high risk and the proportion of the population who receives treatment) is complex and multifactorial. One of the reasons is, however, limitations in the assessment of fracture risk. Therefore, most countries have adopted a case-finding strategy whereby persons with one or more risk factors for osteoporosis may be referred for a DXA scan. This strategy, however, does not perform well, evidenced by the findings that osteoporosis remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Therefore, population screening could be one of the remedy approaches for this problem. However, at present, there is no universally accepted policy for population screening to identify patients with osteoporosis or those at high risk of fracture. This chapter will review the evidence of osteoporosis screening, benefits, and harms of early detection of osteoporosis, as well as the most common osteoporosis risk assessment tools, including self-assessment tools. The chapter will expand to discuss thresholds for intervention and rooms for improvement.

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El Miedany, Y. (2022). Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Tools. In: El Miedany, Y. (eds) New Horizons in Osteoporosis Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87950-1_7

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