Skip to main content

Remarks on the History of Glacier Research and the Flow Law of Ice

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Current Trends and Open Problems in Computational Mechanics
  • 2185 Accesses

Abstract

The paper provides a short review on the behavior of glacier ice from the beginnings in the 17th century via the formulation of a flow law in the fifties of the forgoing century up to the present. It is based in part on the recent extended review by Hutter and Gross [1], but has been supplemented by additional aspects. It focuses on the macroscopic constitutive description in the framework of classical continuum mechanics while micromechanical aspects are only touched in passing.

I’ve known Peter Wriggers personally since the late 1980s. Our relationship became particularly intense after he was appointed to the TU Darmstadt in 1990. At the Institute of Mechanics, Wriggers and I formed a joint working group, in which there was a climate, both scientifically and personally, that can hardly be imagined better. The joint activities as textbook authors go back to this time. Our relationships as colleagues, authors and friends survived his move to Hannover in 1998 uninfluenced and they will undoubtedly continue in the future. The special relationship with the Mechanics in Darmstadt is underlined by the honorary doctorate that my university awarded him in 2015.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Regarding Riwlin see remark in [1].

References

  1. Hutter, K., & Gross, D. (2019). A historical tour of glacier ice on Earth and its role in climate dynamics. Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 7, 174.

    Google Scholar 

  2. le Chanoine Rendu, M. (1840). Theorie des Glaciers de la Savoie, Chambery.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Forbes, J. D. (1843). An attempt to explain the leading phenomena of glaciers. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, 35, 221–252.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Rowlinson, J. S. (1971). The theory of glaciers. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 26, 189–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Tyndall, J., & Huxley, T. H. (1857). On the structure and motion of glaciers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, 147, 327–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. McConnel, Jc., & Kidd, D. A. (1888). On the plasticity of glacier and other ice. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, 44, 331–367.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Höppler, F. (1941). Die Plastizität des Eises. Kolloid-Zeitschrift, 97, 154–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Perutz, M. F., & Seligman, G. (1939). A crystallographic investigation of glacier structure and the mechanism of glacie flow. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, A172, 335–360.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Perutz, M. F. (1947). Report on problems relating to the flow of glaciers. Journal of Glaciology, 1, 47–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Perutz, M. F. (1950). Glaciology-the flow of glaciers. The Observatory, 70, 63–69.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Glen, J. W. (1953). The creep of polycrystalline ice. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, A228, 519–538.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Steinemann, S. (1958). Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Plastitzität von Eis, Beiträge zur Geologie der Schweiz, Hydrologie, No. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Nye, J. F. (1953). The flow law of ice from experiments in glacier tunnels, laboratory experiments and the Jungfraufirn borehole experiment. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, 219, 477–489.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Treverrov, A., et al. (2012). The tertiary creep of polycrystalline ice: experimental evidence for stress-dependent levels of strain-rate enhancement. Journal of Glaciology, 58, 301–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zeitz, M. et al. Sensitivity of ice flow to uncertainty in flow law parameters in an idealized one-dimensional geometry, The Cryosphere, Discuss. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-79

  16. Baker, R. Is creep of ice really independent of the third deviatoric stress invariant? The Physical Basis of Ice Sheet Modelling (Proceedings of the Vancouver Symposium, August 1987), 7-16, IAHS Publ. no. 170.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Morland, J. W., & Staroszczyk, R. (2019). The viscous relation for the initial isotropic response of ice. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 162, 11–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Morland, J. W., & Staroszczyk, R. (2020). A constitutive law for the viscous and tertiary creep responses of ice to applied stress. Cold Regions Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103034.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to Professor Angelika Humbert for helpful comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dietmar Gross .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gross, D. (2022). Remarks on the History of Glacier Research and the Flow Law of Ice. In: Aldakheel, F., Hudobivnik, B., Soleimani, M., Wessels, H., Weißenfels, C., Marino, M. (eds) Current Trends and Open Problems in Computational Mechanics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87312-7_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87312-7_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-87311-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-87312-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics