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Laboratory Markers of COVID-19 in the Emergency Room

  • Living reference work entry
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Biomarkers in Trauma, Injury and Critical Care

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Abstract

After the December 2019 outbreak in China, infection by the novel Coronavirus SARS-Cov2 (COVID-19) has quickly overflowed worldwide. Different studies preliminarily observed that some laboratory tests resulted altered in COVID-19. The Royal College of Pathologist defined Laboratory Medicine as “the hidden science to save lives.” Following this sentence, several studies preliminarily observed that some laboratory tests are characteristically altered in COVID-19. These biomarkers have been proposed as rapid and sensitive alternatives in identifying likely COVID-19 cases in Emergency Room. The chapter dissertation shows how the baseline level of certain biomarkers can predict disease progression and outcome in COVID-19 patients, already in Emergency Room. Finally the evaluation of biomarkers concentrations during the disease course can define the disease progression, predicting the multi-organs failure.

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Abbreviations

ACE-2:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

ALT:

alanine aminotransferase

ARDS:

acute respiratory distress syndrome

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

ATP:

adenosine triphosphate

BB:

CK brain isoform

BGA:

Blood gas-analyses

BNP:

natriuretic peptides type B

CBC:

complete blood count

CK:

Creatine Kinase

CNS:

central nervous system

COV-HI:

COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation

COVID-19:

Novel Coronavirus SARS-Cov2

COX:

cycloxygenase

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CT:

Computer Tomography

CVD:

cardiovascular disease

DIC:

disseminated intravascular coagulation

DVT:

deep vein thrombosis

E:

Envelope

EDTA:

ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid

Hs-Tn:

High-sensitivity Troponin

ICU:

Intensive Care Unit

IL-6:

interleukin-6

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

M:

Matrix

MB:

CK heart tissue isoform

MM:

CK striated muscle isoform

MODS:

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score

N:

Nucleocapsid

NLR:

neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio

NSPs:

non-structural proteins

ORFs:

Open Reading Frames

PCT:

Procalcitonin

PE:

pulmonary embolism

P O2 :

partial pressure of O2

POCT:

Point of Care Testing

RBC:

red blood cell

RdRp:

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

RT-PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

S:

Spike

S aO2 :

oxygen saturation

SAPS:

Simplified Acute Physiology Score

TLM:

Time-LYM% model

WBC:

white blood cell

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Investigation Laboratory, ASST-Crema, Maggiore Hospital, Crema, Italy

    Roberto Assandri

  2. University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Roberto Assandri

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  1. Roberto Assandri
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Correspondence to Roberto Assandri .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Med City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. Franklin-Wilkins Bldg, Rm 4.101, 4th Fl, Kings Coll London, Sch Biomed Health Sci, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

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Assandri, R. (2022). Laboratory Markers of COVID-19 in the Emergency Room. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V.R., Patel, V.B. (eds) Biomarkers in Trauma, Injury and Critical Care. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87302-8_41-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87302-8_41-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-87302-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-87302-8

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