Abstract
The aquaculture ponds have been recognized as significant sources of greenhouse gases like CO2 and CH4 as a substantial amount of organic matter remains unspent during fish culture, which eventually mineralizes into inorganic form and escapes the water bodies as CO2 or the methanogens act upon these organic substrates to form CH4. The Indian Sundarban Biosphere Reserve shelters a population as high as 4.4 million people, and in the recent past, a trend in livelihood switch from traditional agriculture to aquaculture has been noticed and reported by many eminent researchers. However, endeavors of characterizing the rate of greenhouse gas emissions and their regulators in these ponds are yet to be reported. The present chapter takes this opportunity to monitor and report the variability in the partial pressure of CO2 and CH4 in water [pCO2(water) and pCH4(water), respectively] and the air–water CO2 and CH4 flux from two aquaculture ponds situated in the north and south of the Indian Sundarbans that culture Penaeus monodon (tiger prawn). Both of the ponds emitted CO2 and CH4 of varying magnitudes throughout the year. However, the pond in the north which utilized the adjacent estuarine water full of anthropogenic load emitted more CO2 and CH4 compared to the one situated down south, which had higher dominance of seawater. A significant positive relationship of pCO2(water) and pCH4(water) with water temperature warrants that in the future the ongoing climate change would lead to an increase in the emission rates. Enhanced lime treatment was found to increase the pH levels which favored reducing pCO2(water). An oxygen-rich environment was found to dampen both the CO2 and CH4 fluxes, which indicates that if the autotrophic potential of these ponds could be increased, a reduction in CO2 and CH4 fluxes is possible.
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Chanda, A., Das, S., Pramanik, N. (2022). Characterizing the Drivers of the Productivity and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from the Aquaculture Ponds of Indian Sundarbans. In: Das, S., Chanda, A., Ghosh, T. (eds) Pond Ecosystems of the Indian Sundarbans. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 112. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86786-7_8
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