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Functional Chemoanatomy of PACAP in Neuroendocrine and Neuronal Circuits

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Neuroanatomy of Neuroendocrine Systems

Part of the book series: Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology ((MANEURO,volume 12))

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Abstract

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activated polypeptide was discovered as a peptide highly concentrated in the hypothalamus, via screening of hypothalamic extracts for their ability to affect cAMP-dependent hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary. However, PACAP is also expressed widely within specific subsets of neurons in brain and periphery in adult mammals, and before midgestation during development. Some important themes connect PACAP neuroanatomy to PACAP function: (1) PACAP is located within groups of neurons that mediate functions such as stress and threat responses, carried out through multiple circuits and even large neuronal networks, (2) PACAP may act at different receptors and via different modes of transmission depending upon location and stage of development, and (3) PACAP likely acts in concert with co-released co-transmitters both centrally and peripherally.

Limei Zhang acknowledges support from UNAM (IN216918 and GI200121) and CONACyT (CB238744 and CB283279) and Lee Eiden from the NIMH Intramural Research Program (MH02386).

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Abbreviations

ACA:

anterior cingulate area

AHN:

anterior hypothalamic nucleus

AM:

anteromedial nucleus

AON:

anterior olfactory nucleus

ARC:

arcuate nucleus

avMLPA:

anteroventral medial and lateral preoptic area

BAC:

bed nucleus of anterior commissure

BNST:

bed nucleus of stria terminalis

CBgcl:

granular layer of cerebellum

CBpj:

Purkinje layer of cerebellum

CNS:

central nervous system

DB:

diagonal band

DH:

dorsal hippocampus proper

DISH:

dual in situ hybridization histochemistry

DMH:

dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus

DP:

dorsal peduncular area

DRG:

dorsal root ganglia

FN:

fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum

GCL:

granule cell layer of hippocampus

GRN:

gigantocellular reticular nucleus

HC:

hippocampus

IC:

inferior colliculus

ILA:

infralimbic area

IO:

inferior olivary nucleus

IPN:

interpeduncular nucleus

KF:

Kölliker-Fuse nucleus

LSc:

lateral septum caudal

LSr:

lateral septal nucleus rostral

MBO:

mammillary body

MD:

mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus

MEPO:

median preoptic nucleus of hypothalamus

MHb:

medial habenula

MOB:

main olfactory bulb

MOs:

secondary motor area

MLPA:

mediolateral preoptic area

MPO:

medial preoptic area

MS:

medial septal nucleus

MV:

medial vestibular nucleus

NAc:

nucleus accumbens

NDB:

diagonal band nucleus

NTS:

nucleus tractus solitarius

ORB:

orbital area

OT:

olfactory tract

PACAP:

pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide

PACAP KO:

PACAP knock-out mice

PAC1:

PACAP receptor 1

PAG:

periaqueductal gray

PBN:

parabrachial nucleus

PCG:

pontine central grey

PCL:

Purkinje cell layer

PF:

parafascicular nucleus

PH:

posterior hypothalamic nucleus

PG:

pontine grey

PL:

prelimbic area

PMV:

premammillary nucleus ventral part

PNS:

peripheral nervous system

PRC:

precommissural nucleus

PRNr:

pontine reticular nucleus

PVN:

paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus

PVp:

periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, posterior part

PVT:

paraventricular nucleus of thalamus

RGC:

retinal ganglion cell

RL:

rostral linear nucleus raphe

RPa:

raphe pallidus

RSP:

retrosplenial area

SCm:

superior colliculus, motor related

SCN:

suprachiasmatic nucleus

SCs:

superior colliculus, sensory related

SMA:

somatomotor area

SO:

supraoptic nucleus

SPF:

subparafascicular nucleus

SN:

substantia nigra

STN:

subthalamic nucleus

SUM:

supramammillary nucleus

TTv:

taenia tecta ventral

VMN:

ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus

VTA:

ventral tegmental area

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Lee E. Eiden & Sunny Z. Jiang

  2. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico

    Vito Hernández & Limei Zhang

Authors
  1. Lee E. Eiden
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  2. Vito Hernández
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  3. Sunny Z. Jiang
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  4. Limei Zhang
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Lee E. Eiden or Limei Zhang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Valery Grinevich

  2. Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary

    Árpád Dobolyi

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Eiden, L.E., Hernández, V., Jiang, S.Z., Zhang, L. (2021). Functional Chemoanatomy of PACAP in Neuroendocrine and Neuronal Circuits. In: Grinevich, V., Dobolyi, Á. (eds) Neuroanatomy of Neuroendocrine Systems. Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86630-3_15

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