Abstract
In the work, we offer a brief review of the geoarchaeological research concept, which we use during the studying of the Baikal Siberia archaeological sites. Our developments allow us to distinguish typical sediments and situations for the MIS 2 and MIS 1 geoarchaeological complexes, define the features of the sediments and archaeological complexes in them, create the system of correctness revealing of radiocarbon dates based on geoarchaeological assessment. Our research is based on four positions: (1) Geoarchaeology is a source study discipline with its methods of study. (2) The main object of research is the geoarchaeosite, which is a complexly structured integral system, where the summation of traces of natural and anthropogenic events is encrypted. (3) Geoarchaeology should be a transdisciplinary direction, the nature of which is determined by the complex origin of the geoarchaeological site. (4) Geoarchaeological research should be based, first of all, both on the methods of actualism and stratigraphy with overcoming mistakes in identifying objects and phenomena, as well as on pedolithological and event approaches. Our proposed geoarchaeological developments, which for many years have been successfully used in research on the territory of Baikal Siberia, are in a constant process of refinement and approbation, which significantly expands their capabilities and prospects.
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Notes
- 1.
In this study, Baikal Siberia is understood as a region located within the boundaries of the south of Central Siberia, the Cis-Baikal mountain region and Western Transbaikal. The expediency of using this term is fully justified from the point of view of cultural and geographical research. This is also confirmed by archaeological data.
- 2.
Actualism (lat. actualis—real) is one of the methodological approaches in the natural sciences. It is based on the principle of uniformity, according to which natural processes occurring in past geological epochs, and the phenomena caused by these processes, have much in common with modern ones (Geological Dictionary, 1978, p. 30).
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The work was funded by the State Contract of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, project No. FZZE-2020-0021. Excavations of the Ust-Belaya and Kitoiskii Most geoarchaeosites were carried out in 2017-2018 with the financial support of the grant from the Government of the Russian Federation, project № 075-15-2021-631
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Berdnikova, N.E. et al. (2022). Geoarchaeological Studies on the Territory of Baikal Siberia: Approach and Methods. In: Ankusheva, N., Chechushkov, I.V., Stepanov, I., Ankushev, M., Ankusheva, P. (eds) Geoarchaeology and Archaeological Mineralogy. Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86040-0_32
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