Abstract
Globally, the wellbeing of students in tertiary environments is increasingly linked to long-term educational outcomes at the systemic level. In South Africa, the tertiary sector has seen wide-ranging changes at universities across the country in recent years. Universities have seen calls for decolonised curricula and increased access to higher education, and a strong emphasis is placed on throughput and graduation rates. Such an amplified emphasis on academic outcomes frequently disregards the holistic nature of university education and the importance of the subjective wellbeing experiences of university students. This chapter investigates the factors that students identified as important to their wellbeing at a large residential university in South Africa. Data was collected by means of an open-ended question asked and answered during face-to-face interviews with 2439 students from nine university faculties on five campuses, and the findings were analysed by means of thematic analysis. Students’ responses revolved around two major themes: the learning environment (relating to the physical environment as well as the facilities on and around campus) and support structures (including social support systems and facilities). The learning environment and support structures are interlinked and together ensure the fulfilment of student needs and their wellbeing.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abraham, A., Sommerhalder, K., & Abel, T. (2010). Landscape and well-being: A scoping study on the health-promoting impact of outdoor environments. International Journal of Public Health, 55(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-0069-z
Astin, A. W. (1984). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Development, 25(4), 297–308.
Auerbach, R. P., Mortier, P., Bruffaerts, R., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., Ebert, D. D., Green, J. G., Hasking, P., Murray, E., Nock, M. K., Pinder-Amaker, S., Sampson, N. A., Stein, D. J., Vilagut, G., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kess, R. C. (2018). WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project: Prevalence and distribution of mental disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127(7), 623–638.
Awang, M., Kutty, F., & Ahmad, A. (2014). Perceived social support and well-being: First-year student experience in university. International Education Studies, 7(13), 261–270.
Badat, S. (2016). Deciphering the meanings and explaining the South African Higher Education student protests of 2015–16. Pax Academica, 1, 71–106.
Bantjes, J., Lochner, C., Saal, W., Roos, J., Taljaard, L., Page, D., Auerbach, R. P., Mortier, P., Bruffaerts, R., Kessler, R. C., & Stein, D. J. (2019). Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of common mental disorders among first-year university students in post-apartheid South Africa: Implications for a public mental health approach to student wellness. BMC Public Health, 19, 922. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7218-y
Bantjes, J., Lochner, C., Stein, D. J., & Taljaard, L. (2017). Global study aims to unpack mental health issues facing university students. University of Cape Town. Retrieved from https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2017-05-11-global-study-aims-to-unpack-mental-health-issues-facing-university-students
Basson, M. J., & Rothmann, S. (2018). Antecedents of basic psychological need satisfaction of pharmacy students: The role of peers, family, lecturers and workload. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 14(4), 372–381.
Bewick, B., Koutsopoulou, G., Miles, J., Slaa, E., & Barkham, M. (2010). Changes in undergraduate students’ psychological well-being as they progress through university. Studies in Higher Education, 35(6), 633–645. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070903216643
Bowles, T. V., & Brindle, K. A. (2017). Identifying facilitating factors and barriers to improving student retention rates in tertiary teaching courses: A systematic review. Higher Education Research & Development, 36(5), 903–919. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2016.1264927
Bowman, N. A. (2010). The development of psychological well-being among first-year college students. Journal of College Student Development, 51(2), 180–200. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0118
Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Sage.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Braun, V., Clarke, V., & Weate, P. (2016). Using thematic analysis in sport and exercise research. In B. Smith & A. C. Sparkes (Eds.), Routledge handbook of qualitative research in sport and exercise (pp. 213–227). Routledge.
Burns, M. K., Vance, D., Szadokierski, I., & Stockwell, C. (2006). Student needs survey: A psychometrically sound measure of the five basic needs. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 25(2), 4–8.
Carroll, D., Ng, E., & Birch, D. (2009). Retention and progression of postgraduate business students: An Australian perspective. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 24(3), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680510903201599
Chang, J. H., Huang, C. L., & Lin, Y. C. (2015). Mindfulness, basic psychological needs fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(5), 1149–1162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9551-2
Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2014). Thematic analysis. In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research (pp. 6626–6628). Springer.
Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2018). Using thematic analysis in counselling and psychotherapy research: A critical reflection. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 18(2), 107–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12165
Conley, D. T., & French, E. M. (2013). Student ownership of learning as a key component of college readiness. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(8), 1018–1034. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213515232
Cooke, R., Beswick, B. M., Barkham, M., Bradley, M., & Audin, K. (2006). Measuring, monitoring, and managing the psychological well-being of first year university students. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 34(4), 505–517. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880600942624
Crawford, N. L., & Johns, S. (2018). An academic’s role? Supporting student wellbeing in pre-university enabling programs. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 15(3), 2.
Daniels, A. D., & Jooste, K. (2018). Support of students by academics in a nursing foundation programme at a university in the Western Cape. Curationis, 41(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v41i1.1927
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 182–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012801
Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2017). Stress and subjective well-being among first-year UK undergraduate students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(2), 505–525.
Denscombe, M. (2007). The length of responses to open-ended questions. Social Science Computer Review, 26(3), 359–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439307309671
Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET). (2018). Statistics on post-school education and training in South Africa. Department of Higher Education and Training.
Di Placito-De Rango, M. L. (2018). Situating the post-secondary instructor in a supportive role for the mental health and well-being of students. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 16, 284–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9740-4
Eloff, I. (2021). Student wellbeing and access to technology: new landscapes in student support. In N. Ferreira, I. L. Potgieter, & M. Coetzee (Eds.), Agile Coping in the digital workplace: Emerging Issues for research and practice (pp. 299–311). Springer Nature.
Evans, G. W., & McCoy, J. M. (1998). When buildings don’t work: The role of architecture in human health. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18(1), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.1998.0089
Field, R., Duffy, J., & Huggins, A. (2015). Teaching independent learning skills in the first year: A positive psychology strategy for promoting law student well-being. Journal of Learning Design, 8(2), 1–7.
Freire, C., Ferradás, M. D. M., Valle, A., Núñez, J. C., & Vallejo, G. (2016). Profiles of psychological well-being and coping strategies among university students. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1554. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01554
Gbadamosi, G., & De Jager, J. (2009). What you see is what you get: Service quality, students’ perceptions and satisfaction at South African universities. South African Journal of Higher Education, 23(5), 877–893.
Glasser, W. (1999). Choice theory: A new psychology of personal freedom. Harper Perennial.
Glasser, W. (2001). Choice theory in the classroom. Harper Collins.
Goenner, C. F., & Snaith, S. M. (2003). Predicting graduation rates: An analysis of student and institutional factors at doctoral universities. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice, 5(4), 409–420.
Govender, K., Bhana, A., McMurray, K., Kelly, J., Theron, L., Meyer-Weitz, A., Ward, C. L., & Tomlinson, M. (2018). A systematic review of the South African work on the well-being of young people (2000–2016). South Africa Journal of Psychology, 49(1), 52–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246318757932
Griffiths, D. (2019). #FeesMustFall and the decolonised university in South Africa: Tensions and opportunities in a globalising world. International Journal of Educational Research, 94, 143–149.
Harmening, D. S., & Jacob, S. A. (2015). Institutional factors that positively impact first-year students’ sense of well-being. Journal of Case Studies in Education, 7, 1–16.
Haynes, C., Bulosan, M., Citty, J., Grant-Harris, M., Hudson, J., & Koro-Ljungberg, M. (2012). My world is not my doctoral program… or is it? Female students’ perceptions of well-being. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 7(1), 1–17.
Howell, A. J. (2009). Flourishing: Achievement-related correlates of students’ well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760802043459
Huppert, F. A. (2009). Psychological well-being: Evidence regarding its causes and consequences. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 1(2), 137–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01008.x
International Association of Universities World Higher Education Database (IAU WHED). (2019). The world of higher education at your fingertips. Retrieved from https://www.whed.net/home.php
Kahlke, R. M. (2014). Generic qualitative approaches: Pitfalls and benefits of methodological mixology. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 13(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940691401300119
Kotzé, M., & Kleynhans, R. (2013). Psychological well-being and resilience as predictors of first-year students’ academic performance. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 23(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2013.10820593
Krumrei-Mancuso, E. J., Newton, F. B., Kim, E., & Wilcox, D. (2013). Psychosocial factors predicting first-year college student success. Journal of College Student Development, 54(3), 247–266.
Laidlaw, A., McLellan, J., & Ozakinci, G. (2016). Understanding undergraduate student perceptions of mental health, mental well-being and help-seeking behaviour. Studies in Higher Education, 41(12), 2156–2168.
Leese, M. (2010). Bridging the gap: Supporting the student transition into higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 34(2), 239–251. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2013.0034
Marais, G. A., Shankland, R., Haag, P., Fiault, R., & Juniper, B. (2018). A survey and a positive psychology intervention on French PhD student well-being. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 13, 109–138.
Maslow, A. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). Harper & Row.
Merriam, S. B. (2002). Basic interpretive qualitative research. In S. B. Merriam (Ed.), Qualitative research in practice (pp. 37–39). Jossey-Bass.
Mokgele, K. R., & Rothmann, S. (2014). A structural model of student well-being. South Africa Journal of Psychology, 44(4), 514–527.
Muhammad, S., Sapri, M., & Sipan, I. (2014). Academic buildings and their influence on students’ wellbeing in higher education institutions. Social Indicators Research, 115(3), 1159–1178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0262-6
Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality: A clinical and experimental study of fifty men of college age. Oxford University Press.
Nel, C., Trotskie-de Bruin, C., & Bitzer, E. (2009). Student transition from school to university: Possibility for pre-university intervention. South African Journal of Higher Education, 23, 974–991.
Nielsen, I., Newman, A., Smyth, R., Hirst, G., & Heilemann, B. (2017). The influence of instructor support, family support and psychological capital on the well-being of postgraduate students: A moderated mediation model. Studies in Higher Education, 42(11), 2099–2115.
Percy, W. H., Kostere, K., & Kostere, S. (2015). Generic qualitative research in psychology. The Qualitative Report, 20(2), 76–85. Retrieved from http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol20/iss2/7
Raelin, J., Bailey, M., Hamann, J., Pendleton, L., Reisberg, R., & Whitman, D. (2014). The gendered effect of cooperative education, contextual support and self-efficacy on undergraduate retention. Journal of Engineering Education, 103, 599–624.
Richardson, T., Elliott, P., Roberts, R., & Jansen, M. (2017). A longitudinal study of financial difficulties and mental health in a national sample of British undergraduate students. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(3), 344–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-016-0052-0
Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99–104.
Salami, S. (2010). Emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, psychological well-being and students’ attitudes: Implications for quality education. European Journal of Educational Studies, 2(3), 247–257.
Saldaña, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (3rd ed.). Sage.
Salmela-Aro, K. (2010). Personal goals and well-being: How do young people navigate their lives? New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 130, 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.278
Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: The new positive psychology and the search for well-being. Free Press.
Shefer, T., Strebel, A., Ngabaza, S., & Clowes, L. (2018). Student accounts of space and safety at a South African university: Implications for social identities and diversity. South Africa Journal of Psychology, 48(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246317701887
Stallman, H. M. (2010). Psychological distress in university students: A comparison with general population data. Australian Psychologist, 45(4), 249–257.
Stallman, H. M., Ohan, J. L., & Chiera, B. (2018). The role of social support, being present and self-kindness in university student well-being. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 46(4), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12271
Strange, C., & Banning, J. (2001). Educating by design. Jossey-Bass.
Sutherland, A., Hamilton, M. J., & Goodman, N. (2007). Affirming at-risk minorities for success (ARMS): Retention, graduation and success on the NCLEX-RNO. Journal of Nursing Education, 46, 347–353.
Tait, M., & De Jager, J. W. (2009). Image and academic expectations of different levels of university students: A South African case. South African Journal of Higher Education, 23(5), 1026–1038.
Turkdogan, T., & Duru, E. (2012). The role of basic needs fulfillment and prediction of subjective well-being among university students. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(4), 2440–2446.
Turner, L., & Tobbell, J. (2018). Learner identity and transition: An ethnographic exploration of undergraduate trajectories. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 42(5), 708–720.
Väisänen, S., Pietarinen, J., Pyhältö, K., Toom, A., & Soini, T. (2017). Social support as a contributor to student teachers’ experienced well-being. Research Papers in Education, 32(1), 41–55.
Van Breda, A. D. (2018). Resilience of vulnerable students transitioning into a South African university. Higher Education, 75(6), 1109–1124.
Wilcox, P., Winn, S., & Fyvie-Gauld, M. (2005). It was nothing to do with the university, it was just the people: The role of social support in the first-year experience of higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 30(6), 707–722.
Wilson, D., McKinney, C., & Rapatahanning, M. (2011). Retention of indigenous nursing students in New Zealand: A cross-sectional survey. Contemporary Nurse, 38, 59–75.
Wilson-Strydom, M. (2011). University access for social justice: A capabilities perspective. South African Journal of Education, 31(3), 407–418.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). Fact sheets: Suicide. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide
Young, C., & Campbell, M. (2014). Student wellbeing at a university in post-apartheid South Africa: A comparison with a British university sample using the GP-CORE measure. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 42(4), 359–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2013.779638
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Eloff, I., O’Neil, S., Kanengoni, H. (2022). Factors Contributing to Student Wellbeing: Student Perspectives. In: Schutte, L., Guse, T., Wissing, M.P. (eds) Embracing Well-Being in Diverse African Contexts: Research Perspectives. Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85924-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85924-4_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-85923-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-85924-4
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)