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Zoonotic and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Companion Animals Challenge Infection Medicine and Biosecurity

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Zoonoses: Infections Affecting Humans and Animals

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Abstract

At present, various zoonotic and multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria, including but not limited to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, are well-equipped to survive and conquer new habitats, environments, and host species. These bacteria carry the ability to cross host species barriers through host-range broadening virulence factors and antimicrobial resistances, combined with mechanisms allowing them to spread and prosper, not only in clinical environments but also beyond their natural surroundings. This phenomenon can colloquially be summarized as an “enlarging the cake” strategy, meaning that from a long-term evolutionary perspective, generalist variants of bacterial species diverge into distinct habitats on their way to a specialized existence within a niche. While knowledge on the pathomechanisms behind bacterial diseases and infection sources are readily available, trans-sectoral research on the transmission of MDR bacteria across humans, animals, and the environment, although considered to be a prime example of the One Heath concept, lies still in its infancy, especially with respect to the role of companion animals. In addition, challenges such as the mobilization of novel antimicrobial resistance genes from the global resistome as well as incalculable external influences on this matter arising from both climate and landscape changes are predicted to arise in the near future. However, new opportunities to combat MDR bacteria in human and veterinary medicine lie within research conducted across the One Health framework: Novel technologies powered by bioinformatics that permit bacterial identification, typing, and source attribution on a nearly unlimited scale, allowing to unravel the natural forces driving bacterial evolution and enabling the development of suitable intervention strategies.

Enlarging the cake: zoonotic spread and continued adaptation of MDR bacteria across companion animal medicine and beyond

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany

    Birgit Walther

  2. Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

    Katharina Schaufler

  3. Institute of Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany

    Katharina Schaufler

  4. Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany

    Lothar H. Wieler

  5. Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Center for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Antina Lübke-Becker

  6. Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Antina Lübke-Becker

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  1. Birgit Walther
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  2. Katharina Schaufler
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  3. Lothar H. Wieler
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  4. Antina Lübke-Becker
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Correspondence to Lothar H. Wieler .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Infectiology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Bayern, Germany

    Andreas Sing

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Walther, B., Schaufler, K., Wieler, L.H., Lübke-Becker, A. (2022). Zoonotic and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Companion Animals Challenge Infection Medicine and Biosecurity. In: Sing, A. (eds) Zoonoses: Infections Affecting Humans and Animals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85877-3_17-1

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