Abstract
Porous or cellular metals are developed with advanced materials processing techniques to fulfil the emerging requirements of structural and functional applications. This chapter presents an overview of different methods of fabricating process involved in porous metal preparation and the important properties to analyse their characteristics. Finally, the structural and functional applications are presented.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arjunan, A., Baroutaji, A., Praveen, A.S., Olabi, A.G., Wang, C.J.: Acoustic performance of metallic foams. In: Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, pp. 1–16. Elsevier (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.11561-9
Atwater, M.A., Guevara, L.N., Darling, K.A., Tschopp, M.A.: Solid state porous metal production: a review of the capabilities. Charact. Challenges 1700766, 1–33 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201700766
Banhart, J.: Manufacture, characterisation and application of cellular metals and metal foams. Prog. Mater. Sci. 46, 559–632 (2001)
Davies, G.J., Zhen, S.: Metallic foams: their production, properties and applications. J. Mater. Sci. 18, 1899–1911 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00554981
Erlebacher, J., Aziz, M.J., Karma, A., Dimitrov, N., Sieradzki, K.: Evolution of nanoporosity in dealloying. Nature 410, 450–453 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/35068529
Gibson, L.J.: Mechanical behavior of metallic foams. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 30, 191–227 (2000)
Goodall, R., Andreas, M.: Porous metals. In: Laughlin, D., Kazuhiro, H. (eds.) Physical Metallurgy, pp. 2399–2595. Elsevier B.V. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53770-6.00024-1
Grilec, K., Marić, G., Jakovljević, S.: A study on energy absorption of aluminium foam. BHM Berg-Huettenmaenn. Monatsh. 155, 231–234 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00501-010-0567-6
Guddati, S., Kiran, A.S.K.: Recent advancements in additive manufacturing technologies for porous material applications 105, 193–215 (2019)
Han, X.H., Wang, Q., Park, Y.G., T’Joen, C., Sommers, A., Jacobi, A.: A review of metal foam and metal matrix composites for heat exchangers and heat sinks. Heat Transf. Eng. 33, 991–1009 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2012.659613
James Ren, X., Silberschmidt, V.V.: Numerical modelling of low-density cellular materials. Comput. Mater. Sci. 43, 65–74 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2007.07.038
Katayose, A., Yokose, R., Makuta, T.: Fabrication of closed-cell porous metals by using ultrasonically generated microbubbles. Mater. Lett. 185, 211–213 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.08.132
Kränzlin, N., Niederberger, M.: Controlled fabrication of porous metals from the nanometer to the macroscopic scale. Mater. Horizons 2, 359–377 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4mh00244j
Liu, P.S.: Mechanical behaviors of porous metals under biaxial tensile loads. Mater. Sci. 422, 176–183 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.01.083
Liu, P.S., Chen, G.F.: Chapter three—Application of porous metals. In: Liu, P.S., Chen, G.F.B.T.-P.M. (eds.) Porous Materials: Processing and Applications, pp. 113–188. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston (2014a). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407788-1.00003-4
Liu, P., Chen, G.: Making porous metals. In: Porous Materials: Processing and Applications, pp. 21–112. Elsevier (2014b). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407788-1.00002-2
Manonukul, A., Muenya, N., Léaux, F., Amaranan, S.: Effects of replacing metal powder with powder space holder on metal foam produced by metal injection moulding. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 210, 529–535 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.10.016
Michailidis, N., Stergioudi, F., Omar, H., Papadopoulos, D., Tsipas, D.N.: Colloids and surfaces A: physicochemical and engineering aspects experimental and FEM analysis of the material response of porous metals imposed to mechanical loading. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 382, 124–131 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.12.017
Otaru, A.J.: Enhancing the sound absorption performance of porous metals using tomography images. Appl. Acoust. 143, 183–189 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2018.09.007
Ou, Q., Maricq, M.M., Pui, D.Y.H.: Evaluation of metallic filter media for sub-micrometer soot particle removal at elevated temperature. Aerosol. Sci. Technol. 51, 1303–1312 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2017.1349871
Patel, P., Bhingole, P.P., Makwana, D.: ScienceDirect manufacturing, characterization and applications of lightweight metallic foams for structural applications: review. Mater. Today Proc. 5, 20391–20402 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.414
Plowman, B.J., Jones, L.A., Bhargava, S.K.: Building with bubbles: the formation of high surface area honeycomb-like films via hydrogen bubble templated electrodeposition. Chem. Commun. 51, 4331–4346 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC06638C
Queheillalt, D.T., Hass, D.D., Sypeck, D.J., Wadley, H.N.G.: Synthesis of open-cell metal foams by templated directed vapor deposition. J. Mater. Res. 16, 1028–1036 (2001)
Ryan, G., Pandit, A., Apatsidis, D.P.: Fabrication methods of porous metals for use in orthopaedic applications. Biomaterials 27, 2651–2670 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.12.002
Shapovalov, V.: Porous metals. MRS Bull. 19, 24–28 (1994)
Shen, X., Bai, P., Chen, L., To, S., Yang, F., Zhang, X., Yin, Q.: Development of thin sound absorber by parameter optimization of multilayer compressed porous metal with rear cavity. Appl. Acoust. 159, 107071 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2019.107071
Singh, S., Bhatnagar, N.: A survey of fabrication and application of metallic foams (1925–2017). J. Porous Mater. 25, 537–554 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-017-0467-1
Soro, N., Attar, H., Brodie, E., Veidt, M., Molotnikov, A., Dargusch, M.S.: Evaluation of the mechanical compatibility of additively manufactured porous Ti–25Ta alloy for load-bearing implant applications. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 97, 149–158 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.05.019
Sosnick, B.: Process for Making Foamlike Mass of Metal (1948)
Srivastava, V.C., Sahoo, K.L.: Processing, stabilization and applications of metallic foams. Art Sci. Mater. Sci. 25, 733–752 (2007)
Tan, W.C., Saw, L.H., Thiam, H.S., Xuan, J., Cai, Z., Yew, M.C.: Overview of porous media/metal foam application in fuel cells and solar power systems. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 96, 181–197 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.07.032
Tianjian, L.: Ultralight porous metals: from fundamentals to applications. Acta Mech. Sin. 18, 457–479 (2002)
Wada, T., Geslin, P., Kato, H.: Scripta Materialia preparation of hierarchical porous metals by two-step liquid metal dealloying. Scr. Mater. 142, 101–105 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.08.038
Wang, J.Z., Ao, Q.B., Tang, H.P., Bao, T.F.: Effect of characterization of porous metal fiber media on sound absorption coefficient 29, 1–8 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979215400020
Wang, X., Xu, S., Zhou, S., Xu, W., Leary, M., Choong, P., Qian, M., Brandt, M., Min, Y.: Biomaterials topological design and additive manufacturing of porous metals for bone scaffolds and orthopaedic implants: a review. Biomaterials 83, 127–141 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.012
Wang, Z., Gao, J., Chang, K., Meng, L., Zhang, N., Guo, Z.: Manufacturing of open-cell aluminum foams via infiltration casting in super-gravity fields and mechanical properties. RSC Adv. 8, 15933–15939 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra13689g
Xie, B., Fan, Y.Z., Mu, T.Z., Deng, B.: Fabrication and energy absorption properties of titanium foam with CaCl2 as a space holder. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 708, 419–423 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.09.123
Yavari, S.A., Wauthle, R., Stok, J., Van Der Riemslag, A.C., Janssen, M., Mulier, M., Kruth, J.P., Schrooten, J., Weinans, H., Zadpoor, A.A.: Fatigue behavior of porous biomaterials manufactured using selective laser melting. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 33, 4849–4858 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2013.08.006
Yu, C.-J., Banhart, J.: Mechanical properties of metal foams. In: Proceedings of Fraunhofer USA Metal Foam Symposium, pp. 37–48 (2016)
Zhai, W., Yu, X., Song, X., Ang, L.Y.L., Cui, F., Lee, H.P., Li, T.: Microstructure-based experimental and numerical investigations on the sound absorption property of open-cell metallic foams manufactured by a template replication technique. Mater. Des. 137, 108–116 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.10.016
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vijayan, S., Anna Dilfi, K.F., Venkatachalapathy, S. (2022). Porous Metals. In: Uthaman, A., Thomas, S., Li, T., Maria, H. (eds) Advanced Functional Porous Materials. Engineering Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85397-6_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85397-6_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-85396-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-85397-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)