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Sustainable Use of Sewage Sludge in Soil Fertility and Crop Production

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Sustainable Management and Utilization of Sewage Sludge

Abstract

Proper management of organic and biological sewage produced in the agro-industry plays an important role in promoting environmental health and community. The release of urban sewage in the environment is considered a serious problem to human and environmental health. Sewage sludge (SS) is a by-product of the wastewater treatment process. Today, the use of SS as fertilizer in agriculture is not common in many countries of the world. Although SS can be used to ameliorate the soil due to its nutrient content, it may cause a diversity of diseases in animals and humans due to the possibility of a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. To prevent this should be monitored before land application and also SS compost can be used. This substance is rich in the nutrients needed by plants and its use in agriculture is recommended as a rich fertilizer in organic matter (OM) and major nutrients affecting plant growth. In barren areas such as arid and semi-arid regions, due to poor fertility and costly soil transfer, the use of SS as a cheap fertilizer improves plant growth. Application of SS increased the content of organic carbon (OC), concentrations of micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn), and also amount of macronutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in soil and plant and the yield of crops. The effect of SS on the improvement of the above-cited attributes mostly depends on the origin (urban or industrial), used the rate of SS and plant type. In general, the application of SS in the soil leads to improved physico-chemical characteristics of the soil and finally more product. If possible, SS should be added at least several months in advance to ensure that soil physico-chemical conditions are achieved. In the long run, the favorable effects of SS fertilizer are evident, and in addition to environmental aspects, it reduces agricultural costs.

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Abbreviations

As:

Arsenic

AWC:

Available water capacity

BY:

Biological yield

C3H6O2:

Propionic acid

C4H6O5:

Malic acid

C6H8O7:

Citric acid

Ca:

Calcium

Cd:

Cadmium

CEC:

Cation exchange capacity

CF:

Chemical fertilizers

Cr:

Chromium

Ct:

Cattle

Cu:

Copper

EC:

Electrical conductivity

FC:

Field capacity

Fe:

Iron

GY:

Grain yield

H2CO3:

Carbonic acid

Hg:

Mercury

K:

Potassium

kGy:

Kilograys

Ks:

Saturated hydraulic conductivity

LAI:

Leaf area index

LCI:

Leaf chlorophyll index

Mg:

Magnesium

Mn:

Manganese

Mo:

Molybdenum

MWD:

Mean weight diameter of aggregates

N:

Nitrogen

Na:

Sodium

Ni:

Nickel

OC:

Organic carbon

OCFS:

Complex organic fertilizer of sludge

OM:

Organic matter

P:

Phosphorus

Pb:

Lead

pH:

Soil acidity

Pl:

Poultry

PWP:

Permanent wilting point

qCO2:

Metabolic quotient

S:

Sulfate

SAR:

Sodium adsorption ratio

Se:

Selenium

Sh:

Sheep

SS:

Sewage sludge

total N:

Total nitrogen

TSP:

Triple superphosphate

Zn:

Zinc

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

    Majid Abdoli

  2. Nomads Affairs Organization of Iran (NAOI), Kermanshah, Iran

    Majid Abdoli

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  1. Majid Abdoli
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

    Vishnu D. Rajput

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Sirmour, India

    Ajar Nath Yadav

  3. Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, India

    Hanuman Singh Jatav

  4. Department Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Satish Kumar Singh

  5. Department of Soil Science, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

    Tatiana Minkina

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Abdoli, M. (2022). Sustainable Use of Sewage Sludge in Soil Fertility and Crop Production. In: Rajput, V.D., Yadav, A.N., Jatav, H.S., Singh, S.K., Minkina, T. (eds) Sustainable Management and Utilization of Sewage Sludge. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85226-9_15

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